^inductive programming^

Answer

1. data-mining "platforms", e.g. R,
 
GUI "language"   for common, anticipated tasks,
 
scripting language   for novel, "not too hard" tasks,
NB. probably not designed by language professionals,
 
implementation language   often C or C++, for major extensions,
 
but what could be more general than...
  
2. a general purpose programming language,
 
in machine learning we can have arbitrary types of computable statistical models over arbitrary types of data,
 
many models turn out to have polymorphic types,
 
composition of models is important,
 
transformations of data sets are common,
 
. . . sounds like functional programming (FP), try Haskell
 


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