Search engine run on: http://users.monash.edu.au/
Glookbib search for: zz0117
%A S. Ovchinnikov
%A et al ...
%A D. Baker
%T Protein structure determination using metagenome sequence data
%J Science
%V 355
%N 6322
%P 294-298
%M JAN
%D 2017
%K MolBio, jrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0117, Rosetta, protein structure,
prediction, fold, folds, folding, 3D, contacts, families
%X "... there are still ~5200 protein families with unknown structure outside
the range of comparative modeling. We show that Rosetta structure prediction
guided by residue-residue contacts inferred from evol. info. can accurately
model proteins that belong to large families & that metagenome seq. data
more than triple the # of protein families with sufficient seqs. for
accurate modeling. We then integrate metagenome data, contact-based
structure matching, & Rosetta structure calculations to generate models for
614 protein families with currently unknown structures; 206 are membrane
proteins & 137 have folds not represented in the Protein Data Bank. ..."
-- [doi:10.1126/science.aah4043]['17].
%A E. Gibney
%T Inside Microsoft's quest for a topological quantum computer
%J Nature
%V ?
%N ?
%P ?
%M OCT
%D 2016
%K news, views, c2016, c201x, c20xx, zz0117, quantum computer, computing
Bocharov, qubits, quasiparticle, non-abelian anyon, anyons, topological
%X --[doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20774]['17].
(Also see [1/2017].)
%A J. Copeland
%A J. Bowen
%A M. Sprevak
%A R. Wilson
%T The Turing Guide
%I OUP
%M JAN
%D 2017
%K book, text, OUP, biog, Alan Turing, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0117, test, AI,
WW2, WWII, code breaking, cryptography, cryptanalysis, Bletchley Park
%X 1st ed 2017; hb stg50; uk us isbn:0198747829; uk us isbn13:978-0198747826.
[Also search for: Turing book].
%A E. Gibney
%T Scepticism surrounds the ultimate potential of D-wave machines, but
researchers are already finding uses for them
%J Nature
%V 541
%N ?
%P 447-448
%M JAN
%D 2017
%K news, views, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0117, Dwave, quantum computer, annealing,
optimization, optimisation
%X "The company that makes the world's only commercially available quantum
computers has released its biggest machine yet - & researchers are paying
close attention. Named 2000Q after the # of q.bits, or qubits ... So far,
researchers have proved that, for a problem crafted to suit the machine's
abilities, the q.computer can offer a huge increase in processing speed over
a classical version of an alg. (V. S. Denchev et al. Phys. Rev. X 6,031015;
2016 [www]). But the
computers do not beat every classical alg., & no one has found a problem for
which they outperform all classical rivals. ... D-Wave is suitable only for
solving ... optimization problems. ..."
-- [doi:10.1038/541447b]['17].
(Also see, 'Quantum Annealing amid Local Ruggedness and Global Frustration,'
"... [on] simulated annealing (SA) & quantum Monte Carlo (QMC). The study
showed the D-Wave 2X to be up to 100 million times faster than the
classical algs.. ..."
-- 1701.04579@[arXiv]['17].)
[Also search for: Dwave quantum] and [also search for: quantum computer].
%A D. Prelec
%A H. S. Seung
%A J. McCoy
%T A solution to the single-question crowd wisdom problem
%J Nature
%V 541
%N ?
%P 532-535
%M JAN
%D 2017
%K jrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0117, crowd wisdom, crowds
%X "... we propose the following alternative to a democratic vote: select the
answer that is more popular than people predict. We show that this principle
yields the best answer under reasonable assumptions about voter behaviour,
while the standard 'most popular' or 'most confident' principles fail under
exactly those same assumptions. ..."
-- [doi:10.1038/nature21054]['17].
%A M. Tegmark
%T How unitary cosmology generalizes thermodynamics and solves the inflationary
entropy problem
%J arXiv
%M AUG
%D 2011
%K TR, c2011, c201x, c20xx, zz0117, physics, themodynamics, quantum mechanics,
cosmology, universe, inflation, entropy, entanglement, qubits, observer
%X "We analyze cosmology assuming unitary q.mechanics, using a tripartite
partition into system, observer & environment degrees of freedom. This
generalizes the second law of thermodynamics to "The system's entropy can't
decrease unless it interacts with the observer, & it can't increase unless
it interacts with the environment." The former follows from the q.Bayes
Theorem we derive. We show that because of the long-range entanglement
created by cosmological inflation, the cosmic entropy decreases
exponentially rather than linearly with the # of bits of info. observed, so
that a given observer can reduce entropy by much more than the amount of
information her brain can store. Indeed, we argue that as long as inflation
has occurred in a non-negligible fraction of the volume, almost all
sentient observers will find themselves in a post-inflationary low-entropy
Hubble volume, & we humans have no reason to be surprised that we do so as
well, which solves the so-called inflationary entropy problem. An arguably
worse problem for unitary cosmology involves gamma-ray-burst constraints on
the "Big Snap", a fourth cosmic doomsday scenario alongside the
"Big Crunch", "Big Chill" & "Big Rip", where an increasingly granular nature
of expanding space modifies our life-supporting laws of physics. Our
tripartite framework also clarifies when it is valid to make the popular
q.gravity approximation that the Einstein tensor equals the q.expectation
value of the stress-energy tensor, & how problems with recent attempts to
explain dark energy as gravitational backreaction from super-horizon scale
fluctuations can be understood as a failure of this approximation.'
-- 1108.3080@[arXiv]['17].
%A P. Chen
%A G. Mourou
%T Accelerating plasma mirrors to investigate the black hole information
loss paradox
%J Phys. Rev. Lett.
%V 118
%P 045001
%M JAN
%D 2017
%K physics, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0117, Hawking evaporation, radiation,
black hole, paradox, information loss, preservation, experiment,
plasma mirror, unitarity, cosmology
%X "The question of whether Hawking evaporation violates unitarity, & therefore
results in the loss of info., has remained unresolved since Hawking's
seminal discovery. To date, the investigations have remained mostly
theoretical since it is almost impossible to settle this paradox through
direct astrophysical black hole observations. Here, we point out that
relativistic plasma mirrors can be accelerated drastically & stopped abruptly
by impinging intense x-ray pulses on solid plasma targets with a density
gradient. This is analogous to the late time evolution of black hole Hawking
evaporation. A conception of such an experiment is proposed & a
self-consistent set of physical parameters is presented. Critical issues,
such as how the black hole unitarity may be preserved, can be addressed
through the entanglement between the analog Hawking radiation photons &
their partner modes.
-- [10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.045001]['17].
[Also search for: black hole paradox].
(Also see BHoleP@[wikip]['21].)