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%A D. Harvey
%A J. van der Hoeven
%T Faster integer multiplication using plain vanilla FFT primes
%J arXiv
%M NOV
%D 2016
%K TR, c2016, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, fast integer multiplication, computer,
   arithmetic, algorithm, primes, vanDerHoeven, BigInt
%X "Assuming a conjectural upper bound for the least prime in an arithmetic
   progression, we show that n-bit integers may be multiplied in
   O(n log n 4^(log^* n)) bit operations."
   -- 1611.07144@[arXiv]['16].
   [Also search for: fast integer multiplication].

%A A. Brieden
%A P. Gritzmann
%A F. Klemm
%T Electoral district design via constrained clustering
%J arXiv
%M MAR
%D 2017
%K TR, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, electoral districts, electorate,
   redistribution, politics, elections, voting
%X "... studies the electoral district design problem where municipalities of a
   state have to be grouped into districts of nearly equal popn while obeying
   certain politically motivated requirements. ... a general framework for
   electoral district design that is based on the close connection of
   constrained geometric clustering & diagrams. ... computationally efficient &
   flexible enough to pursue various conflicting juridical demands for the shape
   of the districts. We demonstrate the practicability of our methodology for
   electoral districting in Germany."
   -- 1703.02867@[arXiv]['17].
   [The USA should use this alg..]

%A J. H. Collier
%A L. Allison
%A A. M. Lesk
%A P. J. Stuckey
%A M. Garcia de la Banda
%A A. S. Konagurthu
%T Statistical inference of protein structural alignments using information and
   compression
%J J. Bioinformatics
%I OUP
%V 33
%N 1
%P 1005-1013
%M APR
%D 2017
%O bioRxiv, June 2016
%K jrnl, OUP, MolBio, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, protein, alignment,
   tertiary structure, 3D, information, MML, MMLigner, software,
   JHC, JHCollier, ArunK, LAllison, AMLesk, AIC, bic, mdl
%X "... present here a statistical framework for the precise inference of
   structural alignments, built on the Bayesian and information-theoretic
   principle of Minimum Message Length (MML). The quality of any alignment is
   measured by its explanatory power—the amount of lossless compression achieved
   to explain the protein coordinates using that alignment. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw757][2017] (online January 2017),
      [bioRxiv][6/2016],
      [more].
   (Also see MMLigner@[LCB][2016].)

%A R. Shwartz-Ziv
%A N. Tishby
%T Opening the black box of deep neural networks via information
%J arXiv
%M MAR
%D 2017
%K TR, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, deep learning, NN, ANN, DNN DNNs, layers,
   hidden, Tishby, Zaslavsky, stochastic gradient descent, SGD
%X "... still no comprehensive theoretical understanding of learning with Deep
   Neural Networks (DNNs) or their inner organization. Previous work [Tishby &
   Zaslavsky (2015)] proposed to analyze DNNs in the Information Plane; i.e.,
   the plane of the Mutual Information values that each layer preserves on the
   input & output variables. They suggested that the goal of the n/w is to
   optimize the Info. Bottleneck (IB) tradeoff between compression & prediction,
   successively, for each layer.  ... we ... demonstrate the effectiveness of
   the Information-Plane visualization of DNNs. ... show that the stochastic
   gradient descent (SGD) epochs have two distinct phases: fast empirical error
   minimization followed by slow representation compression, for each layer. ...
   argue that the DNN layers end up v.close to the IB theor. bound, & present a
   new theor. argument for the comp. benefit of the hidden layers."
   -- 1703.00810@[arXiv]['17].

%A M. Baldwin
%T A new factor in evolution
%J American Naturalist
%V 30
%P 441-451, 536-553
%D 1896
%K biol, biology, c1996, c189x, c18xx, zz0317, Baldwin effect, evolution,
   Darwinism, natural selection, controversial, learning, adaption, ontogeny,
   heredity
%X "In several recent publications I have developed, from different points of
   view, some considerations which tend to bring out a certain influence at work
   in organic evolution which I venture to call 'a new factor". ... The problems
   involved in a theory of organic development may be gathered up under three
   great heads: Ontogeny, Phylogeny, Heredity. ..."
   -- 'a James Baldwin source page' [brocku]['17].
   Also see BE@[wikip]['17].
   [Also search for: Baldwin effect].

%A G. P. Wagner
%A L. Altenberg
%T Perspective: Complex adaptations and the evolution of evolvability
%J Evolution
%V 50
%N 3
%P 967-976
%M JUN
%D 1996
%K jrnl, c1996, c199x, c19xx, zz0317, evolution, adaption, learning,
   evolvability, modularity, genotype-phenotype, pleiotropic, variability,
   natural selection, Baldwin effect
%X "... propose that the genotype-phenotype map can evolve by two main routes:
   epistatic mutns, or the creation of new genes. A common result for
   organismic design is modularity.  By modularity we mean a genotype-phenotype
   map in which there are few pleiotropic effects among characters serving
   different fns, with pleiotropic effects falling mainly among characters
   that are part of a single functional complex.  Such a design is expected to
   improve evolvability by limiting the interference between the adaptation of
   different fns. Several popn genetic models are reviewed that are
   intended to explain the evolutionary origin of a modular design. While our
   current knowledge is insufficient to assess the plausibility of these models,
   they form the beginning of a framework for understanding the evolution of the
   genotype-phenotype map."
   -- 2410639@[jstor]['17],
      [doi:10.2307/2410639]['17].
   [Also search for: Wagner Altenberg] and [also search for: Baldwin effect].

%A A. V. Badyaev
%T Evolutionary significance of phenotypic accommodation in novel
   environments: an empirical test of the Baldwin effect
%J Phil. Trans. of the Royal Soc. B
%V 364
%N 1520
%P 1125-1141
%M APR
%D 2009
%K jrnl, c2009, c200x, c20xx, zz0317, Baldwin effect, evolution,
   natural selection
%X "... I show that this process is consistent with the origin of novel
   adaptations during colonization of North America by the house finch. The
   induction of developmental variation by novel environments of this species's
   expanding range was followed by homeostatic channelling, phenotypic
   accommodation & directional cross-generational transfer of a subset of
   induced developmental outcomes favoured by natural seln. These results
   emphasize three principal points. First, contemporary novel adaptations
   result mostly from reorganization of existing structures that shape newly
   expressed variation, giving natural selection an appearance of a creative
   force. Second, evolutionary innovations & maintenance of adaptations are
   different processes. Third, both the Baldwin & parental effects are probably
   a transient state in an evolutionary cycle connecting initial phenotypic
   retention of adaptive changes & their eventual genetic determination &, thus,
   the origin of adaptation and evolutionary change."
   -- [doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0285]['17].
   [Also search for: Baldwin effect].

%A R. A. Watson
%A E. Szathmary
%T How can evolution learn?
%J Trends in Ecology and Evolution
%V 31
%N 2
%P 147-157
%M FEB
%D 2016
%K jrnl, c2016, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, MolBio, evolution, learning, evolvability,
   adaption, ecology, individuality, Baldwin effect, Wagner, Altenberg
%X "The theory of evolution links random variation & seln to incremental
   adaptation. In a different intellectual domain, learning theory links
   incremental adaptation (e.g., from +ve &/or -ve reinforcement) to intelligent
   behaviour. Specifically, learning theory explains how incr. adaptation can
   acquire knowledge from past experience & use it to direct future behaviours
   toward favourable outcomes. Until recently such cognitive learning seemed
   irrelevant to the 'uninformed' process of evoln. In our opinion, however,
   new results formally linking evolutionary processes to the principles of
   learning might provide solutions to several evolutionary puzzles - the
   evoln of evolvability, the evoln of ecological organisation, & evolutionary
   transitions in individuality. If so, the ability for evoln to learn might
   explain how it produces such apparently intelligent designs."
   -- [doi:10.1016/j.tree.2015.11.009]['17].
   (Also see the bbc[2/3/17].)
   [Also search for: Wagner Altenberg] and [also search for: Baldwin effect].

%A L. M. Zahn
%A G. Riddihough
%T Building on nature's design
%J Science
%V 355
%N 6329
%P 1038-1039
%M MAR
%D 2017
%K jrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, MolBio, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yeast,
   genome, Sc2.0, synthetic, chromosomes, eukaryotic, eukaryote
%X intro. to special issue on Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0)
-- [doi:10.1126/science.355.6329.1038]['17].

%A F. Markowetz
%T All biology is computational biology
%J PLoS Biology
%M MAR
%D 2017
%K eJrnl, jrnl, MolBio, Biol, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, bioinformatics,
   views, opinion, scientific research
%X "Here, I argue that computational thinking & techniques are so central to the
   quest of understanding life that today all biol. is comp. biol..
   Computational biol. brings order into our understanding of life, it makes
   biological concepts rigorous & testable, & it provides a reference map that
   holds together individual insights. The next modern synthesis in biol. will
   be driven by math., stat., & comp. methods being absorbed into mainstream
   biological training, turning biology into a quantitative science."
   -- [doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2002050]['17].

%A A. Golec de Zavala
%A A. Cichocka
%A R. Eidelson
%A N. Jayawickreme
%T Collective narcissism and its social consequences
%J J. of Personality and Social Psychology
%V 97
%N 6
%P 1074-1096
%M DEC
%D 2009
%K jrnl, psychology, c2009, c200x, c20xx, zz0317, human behaviour, politics,
   democracy, personality, collective narcissism, ingroup, outgroup, them,
   aggression, war, patriotism, conspiracy, intolerance, offence, anger,
   grudge, hostility, brexit, Trump, zzTrump, altright
%X "... introduces the concept of collective narcissism [CN] - an emotional
   investment in an unrealistic belief about the in group's greatness- aiming to
   explain how feelings about an ingroup shape a tendency to aggress against
   outgroups. ... 5 studies indicate that collective, but not individual,
   narcissism predicts intergroup aggressiveness. CN is related to high private
   & low public collective self-esteem & low implicit group esteem. It predicts
   perceived threat from outgroups, unwillingness to forgive outgroups,
   preference for military aggression over & above social dominance orientation,
   right-wing authoritarianism, & blind patriotism. The relationship between
   [CN] & aggressiveness is mediated by perceived threat from outgroups &
   perceived insult to the ingroup. In sum, the results indicate that [CN] is a
   form of high but ambivalent group esteem related to sensitivity to threats to
   the ingroup's image & retaliatory aggression."
   -- [doi:10.1037/a0016904]['17],
   pdf@[Res'Gate]['17].
   (Also see "Welcome to the age of collective narcissism"
   -- the [Conversation][25/1/2017].)

%A A. Yadin
%T Reducing the dropout rate in an introductory programming course
%J Inroads
%I ACM
%V 2
%N 4
%P 71-76
%M DEC
%D 2011
%K c2011, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, university education, teaching, curriculum,
   introductory, computer programming, course, first year, computer science, CS,
   CSci, CSC 101, CS101, L1Ref, drop out, Python, microworld
%X "... (1) Python ... (2) visualization environment (micro-world) ...
   (3) individual assignments ..."  (via J.G.)
   -- [doi:2038876.2038894]['17].

%A A. Currin
%A K. Korovin
%A M. Ababi
%A K. Roper
%A D. B. Kell
%A P. J. Day
%A R. D. King
%T Computing exponentially faster: implementing a non-deterministic universal
   Turing machine using DNA
%J J. of the Royal Soc. Interface
%V 14
%N 128
%P ?
%D MAR
%D 2017
%K jrnl, JRS, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, DNA, computing, biocomputer, PCR,
   controversial, nondeterministic, NUTM, Thue, string rewriting systems, RDKing
%X "... demonstrate the first physical design of an NUTM. ... based on Thue
   string rewriting systems, & thereby avoids the limitations of most previous
   DNA computing schemes: all the compn is local (simple edits to strings) so
   there is no need for communication, & there is no need to order operations.
   The design exploits DNA's ability to replicate to execute an exponential
   number of computational paths in P time. Each Thue rewriting step is embodied
   in a DNA edit implemented using a novel combination of polymerase chain
   reactions & site-directed mutagenesis. ... demo. that the design works using
   both computational modelling & in vitro mol.biol. experimentation: the design
   is thermodynamically favourable, microprogramming can be used to encode
   arbitrary Thue rules, all classes of Thue rule can be implemented, &
   non-deterministic rule implementation. In an NUTM, the resource limitation is
   space, which contrasts with classical UTMs & QUTMs where it is time ..."
   -- [doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0990]['17].
   &  RK@[sch'l'r]['18].
   [Also search for: biocomputer].

%A M. Andreev
%T Busy beavers and Kolmogorov complexity
%J arXiv
%M MAR
%D 2017
%K TR, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, busy beaver, machine, Rado
%X "The idea to find the 'maximal number that can be named' can be traced back
   to Archimedes (see his Psammit). From the viewpoint of compn theory the
   natural question is 'which # can be described by at most n bits?' This
   q. led to the defn of the so-called 'busy beaver' numbers (intro. by T.
   Rado). ... consider different versions of the busy beaver-like notions
   defined in terms of Kolmogorov complexity. We show that [they] differ
   depending on the version of complexity used (plain, prefix, or a priori
   complexities) and find out how these notions are related, providing matching
   lower and upper bounds."
   -- 1703.05170@[arXiv]['17].
   [Also search for: busy beaver].

%A Gun Violence Archive
%D 2014
%K GVA, USA, US, America, gun violence, guns, NRA, public safety, data, stats,
   death, shooting, deaths, murder, killed, homicide, location,
   c2014, c201x, c20xx, zz0317
%X "Gun Violence Archive (GVA) is a not for profit corporation formed in
   2013 to provide free online public access to accurate information about
   gun-related violence in the United States. GVA will collect and check
   for accuracy, comprehensive information about gun-related violence in
   the U.S. and then post and disseminate it online."
    *2016, incidents 58,347, deaths 15,068.
    *2015, incidents 53,569, deaths 13,478.
    *2014, incidents 51,836, deaths 12,555.
   -- [www][2017].
   (Also see The G
   [www][21/3/2017].)

%E A.-S. Antoniou
%E C. L. Cooper
%T Coping, Personality and the Workplace: Responding to Psychological Crisis and
   Critical Events
%I Routledge
%S Psychological and Behavioural Aspects of Risk
%P 350
%M FEB
%D 2016
%K book, c2016, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, risk, risks, stats, stress,
   Kenny, music, 27 club, 27club
%X "...  Coping, Personality and the Workplace offers theory, research and
   practice on our ability to cope with dangerous situations, critical
   incidents or other work crises. The chapters include perspectives on social
   and health habits and risks; gender and age differences as well as a range of
   different sources of threat: financial, psychological and physical; those
   within and outside the individual's control; immediate and chronic. ..."
   revised ed 2017; hb us$130;
   uk us isbn:1472416821; uk us isbn13: 978-1472416827.
   (I believe it includes a chapter, ' Morbidity and mortality in
    popular musicians: An examination by era, sex and music genre',
    by D.T.Kenny on musicians [also search for: 27club music] .)
   (Also see [doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76433-7_7] on the 27-club.)

%A A. L. Stephenson
%A et al ...
%A C. H. Goss
%T Survival comparison of patients with cystic fibrosis in Canada and the
   United States: A population-based cohort study
%J Annals of Internal Medicine
%V ?
%M MAR
%D 2017
%K jrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, human, health, medicine, Cystic Fibrosis,
   disease, illness, Canada, USA, America, politics, health care, insurance,
   cost, Obamacare, stats
%X "In 2011, the median age of survival of patients with cystic fibrosis
   reported in the [US] was 36.8 years, compared with 48.5 y. in Canada. ...
   Median age of survival in patients with [CF] increased in both countries
   between 1990 & 2013; however, in 1995 & 2005, survival in C. increased at a
   faster rate than in the US (P < 0.001). On the basis of contemporary data
   from 2009 to 2013, the median age of survival in C. was 10 y. greater than in
   the US (50.9 vs. 40.6 y., resp.). ... Differential access to transplantation,
   increased posttransplant survival, & differences in health care systems may,
   in part, explain the Canadian survival advantage."
   -- [doi:10.7326/M16-0858]['17].
   (Also see the [bbc]['17].

%A M. De Domenico
%A A. Arenas
%T Modeling structure and resilience of the dark network
%J Phys. Rev. E
%V 95
%N 2
%P 022313
%M FEB
%D 2017
%K jrnl, eJrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0317, internet, darknet, web, www,
   denial of service attack, networks, DeDomenico
%X "While the statistical & resilience properties of the Internet are no longer
   changing significantly across time, the Darknet, a n/w devoted to keep
   anonymous its traffic, still experiences rapid changes to improve the
   security of its users. [find] its topology is rather peculiar, being
   characterized by a nonhomogeneous distribution of connections, typical of
   scale-free n/ws; v.short path lengths & high clustering, typical of
   small-world n/ws; & lack of a core of highly connected nodes. We propose a
   model to reproduce such features, demonstrating that the mechanisms used to
   improve cybersecurity are responsible for the observed topology. Unexpectedly
   we reveal that its peculiar structure makes the Darknet much more resilient
   than the Internet (used as a benchmark for comparison at a descriptive level)
   to random failures, targeted attacks, & cascade failures, as a result of
   adaptive changes in response to the attempts of dismantling the n/w across
   time."
   -- [doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.95.022313]['17].