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%A Qing Tang
%A Ke Pang
%A Xunlai Yuan
%A Shuhai Xiao
%T A one-billion-year-old multicellular chlorophyte
%J Nature Ecology & Evoln
%M FEB
%D 2020
%K jrnl, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, biol, biology, green plant, plants,
seaweed, alga, algae, Viridiplantae, Chlorophyte, Proterocladus antiquus,
fossil, ancient, origin, origins, evolution, multicellular, photosynthesis
%X "... we report abundant millimetre-sized, multicellular & morphologically
differentiated macrofossils from rocks ~ 1,000 million y. ago. These fossils
are described as Proterocladus antiquus new species & are interpreted as
benthic siphonocladalean chlorophytes, suggesting that chlorophytes acquired
macroscopic size, multicellularity & cellular differentiation nearly a
billion y. ago, much earlier than prev. thought."
-- [doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1122-9]['20].
Also see [abc][25/2/2020].
%A M. W. McGeoch
%A S. Dikler
%A J. E. M. McGeoch
%T Hemolithin: a meteoritic protein containing iron and lithium
%X arXiv
%M MAR
%D 2020
%K TR, MolBio, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, protein, meteorite, Acfer 086,
meteorites, space, CV3, extraterrestrial
%X "... characterizes the first protein to be discovered in a meteorite. Amino
acid polymers prev. observed in Acfer 086 & Allende meteorites have been
further characterized in Acfer 086 via high precision MALDI mass spectrometry
to reveal a principal unified structure of molec. wt 2320 Daltons that
involves chains of glycine & hydroxy-glycine residues terminated by iron
atoms, with additional oxygen & lithium atoms. Signal-to-noise ratios up to
135 have allowed the quantification of iron & lithium in the various MALDI
fragments via the isotope satellites due to their respective minority
isotopic masses 54Fe & 6Li. Analysis of the complete spectrum of isotopes
assoc. with each molec. fragment shows 2H enhancements above terrestrial
avg 25,700 parts per thousand (sigma=3,500, n=15), confirming
extra-terrestrial origin & hence the existence of this molecule within the
asteroid parent body of the CV3 meteorite class. The molecule is tipped by
an iron-oxygen-iron grouping that in other terrestrial contexts has been
proposed to be capable of absorbing photons & splitting water into hydroxyl
& hydrogen moieties."
-- [arXiv]['20].
%A B. Liu
%A et al ...
%A S. Otto
%T Spontaneous emergence of self-replicating molecules containing nucleobases
and amino acids
%J J. Amer. Chem. Soc.
%V 142
%N 9
%P 4184-4192
%M FEB
%D 2020
%K jrnl, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, biol, biology, chemstry, origins, start,
beginnings, life, DNA, RNA, peptide, self replication, replicating
%X "... recent hypothesis of 'RNA-peptide coevolution' suggests that the
current close relationship between amino acids & nucleobases may well have
extended to the origin of life. ... show how the interplay between these
compound classes can give rise to new self-replicating molecules using a
dynamic combinatorial approach. We report two strategies for the fabrication
of chimeric AA/nucleobase self-replicating macrocycles capable of exponential
growth. The 1st relies on mixing nucleobase- & peptide-based building blocks,
where the ligation of these two gives rise to highly spec. chimeric ring
structures. The 2nd starts from peptide nucleic acid (PNA) building blocks in
which nucleobases are already linked to AAs from the start. While prev.
reported nucleic acid-based self-replicating systems rely on pre-synthesis of
(short) oligonucleotide seqs., self-replication in the present systems start
from units containing only a single nucleobase. Self-repl'n is accompanied by
self-assembly, spontaneously giving rise to an ordered 1D arrangement of
nucleobase nanostructures."
-- [doi:10.1021/jacs.9b10796]['20].
%A T. Shimomura
%A et al ...
%A K. Irie
%T A native prokaryotic voltage-dependent calcium channel with a novel
selectivity filter sequence
%J eLife
%V ?
%M FEB
%D 2020
%K jrnl, ejrnl, MolBio, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, protein, calcium channel,
evolution, Ca, Ca2, Na, Cavs, CavMr, Navs, prokaryote, eukaryote
%X "... The struct. of Cavs is similar to that of voltage-dep. Na+ channels
(Navs). It is known that prokaryotic Navs can obtain Ca2+ selectivity by
-ve charge mutns of the selectivity filter, but native prokaryotic Cavs had
not yet been identified. We report the first id. of a native prokaryotic Cav,
CavMr, whose selectivity filter contains a smaller # of -ve charged residues
than that of artificial prokaryotic Cavs. A relative mutant whose selectivity
filter was replaced with that of CavMr exhibits high Ca2+ selectivity.
Mutational analyses revealed that the glycine residue of the CavMr
selectivity filter is a determinant for Ca2+ sel.. This glycine residue is
well conserved among subdomains I and III of eukaryotic Cavs. ... provide new
insight into the Ca2+ sel. mechanism that is conserved from prokaryotes to
eukaryotes."
-- [doi:10.7554/eLife.52828]['20].
%A C. Adler
%T The international catalogue of scientific literature
%J Science
%V 6
%N 136
%P 184-201
%M AUG
%D 1897
%K jrnl, c1897, c189x, c18xx, zz0320, Catalogue of Scientific Literature,
bibliometrics, papers, publications, Science Citation Index, SCI
%X -- [doi:10.1126/science.6.136.184]['20].
(Also see, "... an attempt ... to catalogue all papers published in sci.
periodicals back to the year 1800 & produce a bibliographic index
organised by author. ..."
-- CofSP@[wikip]['20].)
[Also search for: science index sci].
%A E. W. H.
%T Catalogue of Scientific Papers
%V 116
%P 129-130
%M JUL
%D 1925
%K c1925, c192x, c19xx, zz0320, Catalogue of Scientific Papers, Royal Society,
bibliometrics, publications, literature, papers, science citation index, SCI,
research, KPI, KPIs, impact, journals
%X "With the publ'n of the vol. before us, the indexing of the sci. papers of
the 19th century under their authors' names has been successfully brought to
a close. It is unnecessary to reiterate the high opinion which we have
previously expressed of the practical utility of this monumental undertaking
& of the high standard of accuracy maintained by its successive editors &
their staffs. The 'Catalogue Scientific Papers' is an indispensable tool for
the research student and historian of science alike."
-- [doi:10.1038/116129a0]['20].
(Also see, "... an attempt ... to catalogue all papers published in sci.
periodicals back to the year 1800 & produce a bibliographic index
organised by author. ..."
-- CofSP@[wikip]['20].)
[Also search for: science index sci].
%A E. Garfield
%T The evolution of the Science Citation Index
%J Int. J. Microbio.
%V 10
%P 65-69
%D 2007
%K jrnl, c2007, c200x, c20xx, zz0320, Science Citation Index, history, SCI, ISI,
KPI, KPIs, bibliometrics, publish, perish, scientific reseach, impact,
quality, JIF, journal, journals
%X "The Science Citation Index (SCI) was first promulgated in Science in
1955, as an up-to-date tool to facilitate the dissemination and retrieval
of scientific literature. Its practicalrealization was possible thanks to
the already-existing information service, Current Contents. ..."
-- pdf@[upenn]['20],
[doi:10.2436/20.1501.01.10]['20] -- but the jrnl cheats on the doi.
(Also see SCI@[wikip]['20].)
[Also search for: publish perish].
%A E. Lupton
%T Thinking with Type, 2nd revised and expanded edition: A Critical Guide for
Designers, Writers, Editors, & Students
%I PrincetonArchitecturalPress
%P 224
%M OCT
%D 2010
%K book, text, c2010, c201x, c20xx, zz0320, typeface, typefaces, style sheets,
font, fonts
%X 2nd ed 2010; pb us$13; uk us isbn:1568989695; uk us isbn13:978-1568989693.
%A F. Squazzoni
%A et al ...
%A M. Willis
%T Unlock ways to share data on peer review
%J Nature
%V 578
%P 512-514
%M FEB
%D 2020
%K news, views, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, peer review, reviewing, bias,
PEERE, scientific literature, journals, papers, research, publish perish
%X "Peer review is the defining feature of scholarly comm'n. In a 2018 survey of
more than 11,000 researchers, 98% said that they considered PR important or
extremely important for ensuring the quality & integrity of scholarly comm'n.
Indeed, now that the 'net & social media have assumed js' original
role of dissemination, a j's main fn is curation. ... [a 2018 study] found
that reviewers tended to favour authors connected to them through
co-authorship & professional n/wks ..."
-- [doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00500-y]['20].
[Also search for: peer review].
%A J. M. Pino
%A et al ...
%A B. Neyenhuis
%T Demonstration of the QCCD trapped-ion quantum computer architecture
%J ?
%K news, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, quantum computing, computer, volume,
Honeywell, quantum charge coupled device, QCCD, azure
%D 2020
%X "We report on the integration of all necessary ingredients of the trapped-ion
QCCD (quantum charge-coupled device) architecture into a robust,
fully-connected, and programmable trapped-ion q.computer. ... employs
171Yb+ ions for qubits & 138Ba+ ions for sympathetic cooling & is built
around a Honeywell cryogenic surface trap capable of arbitrary ion
rearrangement & parallel gate op'ns across multiple zones. As a minimal
demo., we use two spatially-separated interaction zones in parallel to
execute arb. four-qubit q.circuits. ... benchmarked at both the component
level & at the holistic level through a variety of means. Individual
components including state preparation & measurement, single-qubit gates, &
two-qubit gates are characterized with randomized benchmarking. Holistic
tests inc. parallelized randomized benchmarking showing that the cross-talk
between different gate regions is negligible, a teleported CNOT gate
utilizing mid-circuit measurement, & a q.volume measurement of 24."
-- [www]['20].
Also see, 'Behind the Scenes of a Major Quantum Breakthrough', March 2020,
"... Thanks to a breakthrough in technology, we're on track to release a
q.computer with a q.volume of at least 64, twice that of the next alternative
in the industry. ..."
-- [www]['20].
%A S. Mallapaty
%T China bans cash rewards for publishing papers
%J Nature
%V 579
%N 18
%M FEB
%D 2020
%K news, views, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, publish, perish, China, journals,
publications, papers, scientific research, academia, citations, SCI
%X "Chinese institutions have been told to stop paying researchers bonuses for
publishing in journals, as part of a new national policy to cut perverse
incentives that encourage scientists to publish lots of papers rather than
focus on high-impact work. In an order released last week ... institutions
must not promote or recruit researchers solely on the basis of the number of
papers they publish, or their citations. ... Since 2009, articles in these
[SCI] jrnls written by authors from Chinese institutions increased from some
120,000/y to 450,000 in 2019. ..."
-- [doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00574-8]['20].
[Also search for: publish perish].
%A J. Brainard
%T Publishers try out alternative pathways to open access
%J Science
%V 367
%N 6483
%P 1179
%M MAR
%D 2020
%K news, views, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, publishing, scientific research,
papers, articles, publications, jrnls, open access, openAccess, OA,
subscribe, costs, fees, APC, APCs, ACM
%X "... article-processing fees (APCs), which can run several thousand dollars
per paper ... Now, two nonprofit publishers of prominent jrnls have debuted
new ways to support OA jrnls without shifting the burden entirely to authors.
... One approach, called Subscribe to Open ... [Another] ACM is asking the
instns that publish the most papers in its 59 jrnls to pay more than they do
now for subsns - in some cases about 10 times as much, or $100,000/y ..."
-- [doi:10.1126/science.367.6483.1179]['20].
%A B. Das
%A S. Sharma
%A P. R. Vaidyanathan
%T Space efficient representations of finite groups
%J arXiv
%M FEB
%D 2020
%K TR, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, maths, group, representation
%X "The Cayley table rep'n of a group uses O(n^2) words for a g. of order n &
answers multiplication queries in time O(1). It is interesting to ask if
there is a o(n^2)-space rep'n of groups that still has O(1) query-time. We
show that for any d, 1/log(n) <= d <= 1, there is an O(n^{1+d}/d)-space
rep'n for groups of order n with O(1/d) query-time. ... We construct data
structures in their model for Hamiltonian groups & some other classes of g.
with const. query-time."
-- 2002.11391@[aXiv]['20].
[Also search for: maths group representation].
%A C. D. Heth
%A E. H. Cornell
%T A geographic information system for managing search for lost persons
%B Applied spatial cognition: From research to cognitive technology
%P 267-284
%I MahwahNJ: LawrenceErlbaum
%D 2006
%K chapter, c2006, c200x, c20xx, zz0320, lost, missing, person, child, children,
human wayfinding, search and rescue, stats
%X Also see
DH@[ualberta]['20],
EHC@[ualberta]['20].
[Also search for: missing person].
%A M. Caceres
%A S. J. Puglisi
%A B. Zhukova
%T Fast indexes for gapped pattern matching
%J arXiv
%M FEB
%D 2020
%K TR, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0320, pattern, string, search, gap, gaps
%X "... indexes for searching large data sets for variable-length-gapped (VLG)
patterns. ... composed of two or more subpat's, between each adjacent pair
of which is a gap-constraint spec. upper & lower bds on the dist. allowed
between subpat's. ... applic'ns in comp. biol. (motif search), info. ret.
(e.g., for lang.models, snippet gen'n, m/c transl'n) & capture a useful
subclass of the reg.exps. commonly used in practice for searching src code.
Our best approach ... speeds several times faster than prior art across a
broad range of pats & txts.
-- 2002.12662@[arXiv]['20].
%A S. Maguire
%T Thinking with Types. Type-Level Programming in Haskell
%I LeanPub
%M JAN
%D 2019
%K book, ebook, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0320, type, types, check, checking,
FP, Haskell, computer programming, dependent types
%X "This book aims to be the comprehensive manual for type-level programming.
It's about getting you from here to there - from a competent Haskell
programmer to one who convinces the compiler to do their work for them."
-- [leanPub]['20].