Search engine run on: http://users.monash.edu.au/

Glookbib search for: zz1017

%A D. George
%A et al
%T A generative vision model that trains with high data efficiency and
   breaks text-based CAPTCHAs
%J Science
%V ?
%N ?
%P ?-?
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K jrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, AI, CAPTCHA, test, human,
   contour continuity, reCAPTCHA
%X "... drawing inspiration from systems neuroscience, we introduce a
   probabilistic generative model for vision in which message-passing based
   inference handles recognition, segmentation & reasoning in a unified way. The
   model demonstrates excellent generalization & occlusion-reasoning
   capabilities, & outperforms deep neural networks on a challenging scene text
   recognition benchmark while being 300-fold more data efficient. [&] the model
   fundamentally breaks the defense of modern text-based CAPTCHAs by
   generatively segmenting characters without CAPTCHA-specific heuristics. Our
   model emphasizes aspects like data efficiency & compositionality that may be
   important in the path toward general artificial intelligence."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.aag2612]['17].
   (Also see the abc[27/10/2017].)

%A D. Lemire
%A N. Kurz
%A C. Rupp
%T Stream VByte: Faster byte-oriented integer compression
%J IPL
%V 130
%P 1-6
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K jrnl, IPL, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, integer, integers, ints, VByte,
   G8IU, varint-GB, compress, data, compression, algorithm, SIMD
%X "... a novel byte-oriented compression technique that separates the control
   stream from the encoded data. Like varint-G8IU, Stream VByte is well suited
   for SIMD instructions. We show that Stream VByte decoding can be up to twice
   as fast as varint-G8IU decoding over real data sets. In this sense, Stream
   VByte establishes new speed records for byte-oriented integer compression,
   at times exceeding the speed of the memcpy function. On a 3.4 GHz Haswell
   processor, it decodes more than 4 billion differentially-coded integers per
   second from RAM to L1 cache."  (online 10/2017.)
   -- [doi:10.1016/j.ipl.2017.09.011]['17].
   Also search for: Lemire].

%A F. L. Traversa
%A P. Cicotti
%A F. Sheldon
%A M. Di Ventra
%T Evidence of an exponential speed-up in the solution of hard
   optimization problems
%J arXiv
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K TR, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, NPC, hard, NPhard, constraint, programming,
   SAT, Max-SAT, MaxSAT, optimization, circuit, circuits, algorithm
%X "... we map the optimization problem into a boolean circuit made of specially
   designed, self-organizing logic gates, which can be built with (non-quantum)
   electronic components; the equilibrium points of the circuit represent the
   approximation to the problem at hand. Then, we solve its associated
   non-linear ordinary differential equations numerically, towards the
   equilibrium points. We demonstrate this exponential gain by comparing a
   sequential MatLab implementation of our solver with the winners of the 2016
   Max-SAT competition on a variety of hard optimization instances. We show
   empirical evidence that our solver scales linearly with the size of the
   problem, both in time & memory ..."
   -- [arXiv]['17].

%A D. Silver
%A et al
%T Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge
%J Nature
%P 354-359
%N 7676
%V 550
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K jrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, AI, Alpha, AlphaGo Zero, Go, NN, ANN,
   play, learning, learn, reinforcement
%X "...  Here we introduce an alg. based solely on reinforcement learning,
   without human data, guidance or domain knowledge beyond game rules. AlphaGo
   becomes its own teacher: a neural network is trained to predict AlphaGo's own
   move selections & also the winner of AlphaGo's games. This NN improves the
   strength of the tree search, resulting in higher quality move selection &
   stronger self-play in the next iteration. Starting tabula rasa, our new
   program AlphaGo Zero achieved superhuman performance, winning 100–0 against
   the previously published, champion-defeating AlphaGo."
   -- [doi:10.1038/nature24270]['17].
   (Also see RL@[wikip]['22].)
   [Also seach for: AI Go game].

%A F. Crick
%T On protein synthesis (seminar)
%I UCL
%M SEP
%D 1957
%K seminar, c1957, c195x, c19xx, zz1017, MolBio, DNA, RNA, protein synthesis,
   central dogma, lecture, seminar, genes,
   double helix, biol, molecular biology, UCL, Watson
%X "Sixty years ago this week ... Francis Crick, gave a lecture in
   London in which he accurately predicted how genes work ..."
   -- [www]['17].

%A S. M. Stigler
%T Laplace's 1774 memoir on inverse probability
%J Statistical Science
%V 1
%N 3
%P 359-363
%D 1986
%K jrnl, stats, c1986, c198x, c19xx, zz1017, Laplace, Bayes, Bayess, theorem,
   stats, statistics, history, posterior, inverse probability,
   Memoire sur la probabilite des causes par les evenemens, c1774, c177x, c17xx
%X "Laplace's first major article on mathematical statistics was published in
   1774. It is arguably the most influential article in this field to appear
   before 1800, being the first widely read presentation of inverse probability
   and its application to both binomial and location parameter estimation. After
   a brief intro., and English translation of this epochal memoir is given."
   -- [www]['17].
   Introduction to S's translation (pp.364-378 same issue) of ...
   P.S.Laplace, Memoire sur la Probabilite des Causes par les Evenemens, 1774,
   (Memoir on the Probability of the Causes of Events),
   -- [www]['17].
   [Also search for: Bayes c17xx].

%A P. E. Hardin
%A J. C. Hall
%A M. Rosbash
%T Feedback of the Drosophila period gene product on circadian cycling of its
   messenger RNA levels
%J Nature
%V 343
%P 536-540
%M FEB
%D 1990
%K jrnl, MolBio, c1990, c199x, c19xx, zz1017, body clock, circadian rhythm,
   cycle, RNA, period, per, gene, Drosophila, 2017 Nobel prize, NobelPrize,
   Physiology Medicine, publish, perish, grants, NIH, ARC, research, funding,
   quote, quotable, "luminaries"
%X "Mutations in the period (per) gene of Drosophila melanogaster affect both
   circadian and ultradian rhythms. Levels of per gene product undergo circadian
   oscillation, and it is now shown that there is an underlying oscillation in
   the level of per RNA. The observations indicate that the cycling of
   per-encoded protein could result from per RNA cycling, and that there is a
   feedback loop through which the activity of per-encoded protein causes
   cycling of its own RNA."
   -- [doi:10.1038/343536a0]['17].
   (*Also see,
     "... Hall not only faced hurdles when attempting to establish his
      own work, but also found the politics of research funding frustrating.
      ... funding should not be a limiting factor on the scientist, but instead
      give them the flexibility to pursue new interests and hypotheses. ..."
     -- JCH@[wikip]['17].
   And,
     Current Biology, V.18, No.3, 12/2/2008, pp.R101-R103,
        "... What props up biological research, at least in the vaunted US of A,
        involves a situation so deeply imbued with entitlement mentality that
        it has sunk into institutional corruption. ..."
     -- [doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.12.016]['17].
     [Also search for: publish perish].
   And,
     "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 was awarded jointly to
     Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young,
     'for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the
     circadian rhythm.'"
     -- [nobelprize]['17].*)

%A H. A. David
%T First (?) occurrence of common terms in mathematical statistics
%J The American Statistician
%V 49
%N 2
%P 121-133
%M MAY
%D 1995
%K jrnl, c1995, c199x, c19xx, zz1017, stats, statistics, terms, term,
   terminology, jargon, probability, II, first, use, origins
%X "A list of over 300 terms commonly used in math. stat. is presented with
   their apparent first occurrence in print. Some of the more interesting
   problems encountered in preparing the list are described."
   -- [Jstor]['17]
   or [doi:10.2307/2684625]['17],
      [doi:10.1080/00031305.1995.10476129]['17].
   And in 1998,
   'First ... - A Second List, with Corrections',
   The Amer. Stat'n, 52(1), 36-40, 1998
   -- [doi:10.1080/00031305.1998.10480535]['19].

%A M. Reimann
%A et al ...
%A H. Markram
%T Cliques of neurons bound into cavities provide a missing link between
   structure and function
%J Frontiers in Comput. Neurosci.
%M JUN
%D 2017
%K jrnl, brain, mind, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, bluebrain, Blue Brain,
   neocortex, clique, cavity, network, neuron, Hess, Markram
%X "... taking the direction of synaptic transmission into account, constructing
   graphs of a network that reflect the direction of information flow, &
   analyzing these directed gs. using algebraic topology. Applying this approach
   to a local n/wk of neurons in the neocortex revealed a remarkably intricate &
   prev. unseen topology of synaptic connectivity. The synaptic n/wk contains an
   abundance of cliques of neurons bound into cavities that guide the emergence
   of correlated activity. In response to stimuli, correlated activity binds
   synaptically connected neurons into functional cliques & cavities that evolve
   in a stereotypical seq. toward peak complexity. We propose that the brain
   processes stimuli by forming increasingly complex functional cliques &
   cavities."
  -- [doi:10.3389/fncom.2017.00048]['17].
  (Also see bluebrain@[www]['17].)

%A H. J. Noh
%A et al
%T Integrating evolutionary and regulatory information with a multispecies
   approach implicates genes and pathways in obsessive-compulsive disorder
%J NatureComms
%V 8
%P e774
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K MolBio, jrnl, eJrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, human, health, gene,
   genetics, risk, risks, medicine, psychology, behaviour,
   obsessive compulsive disorder, OCD, SSRI, antidepressants,
   brain, NRXN1, HTR2A, CTTNBP2, REEP3
%X " ... sequenced coding and regulatory elements for 608 genes potentially
   involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder in human, dog, and mouse. Using a
   new method that prioritizes likely functional variants, we compared 592 cases
   to 560 controls and found four strongly associated genes, validated in a
   larger cohort. suggest synaptic adhesion as a key component in compulsive
   behaviors ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00831-x]['17].

%A J. Fagone
%T The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Story of Love, Spies, and the
   Unlikely Heroine Who Outwitted America's Enemies
%I DeyStreetBooks
%M SEP
%D 2017
%K book, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, code, codes, cryptography, breaking,
   Elizebeth Smith, Friedman, cypher, cipher, WW2, WWII, Japan, Purple,
   cryptanalysis, maths, women, woman, science, STEM, www
%X 1st ed 2017; hb us$18; uk us isbn:0062430483,; uk us isbn13:978-0062430489.
   "... an American woman and her husband who invented the modern science of
   cryptology together and used it to confront the evils of their time, solving
   puzzles that unmasked Nazi spies and helped win World War II.  In 1916, at
   the height of World War I, brilliant Shakespeare expert Elizebeth Smith went
   to work for an eccentric tycoon on his estate outside Chicago. The tycoon had
   close ties to the U.S. government, and he soon asked Elizebeth to apply her
   language skills to an exciting new venture: code-breaking. There she met the
   man who would become her husband, groundbreaking cryptologist William
   Friedman ..."
   Also see bbc@[10/10/2017] and
   auth@[www]['17].
   [Also search for: WW2 code].

%A D. S. Chawla
%T Publishers take academic networking site to court
%J Science
%V 358
%N 6360
%P 161
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K news, views, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, ResearchGate, publishing, science,
   www, web, papers, articles, copyright, law, STM, ScienceOpen
%X "Scholarly publishing giants Elsevier and the American Chemical Society (ACS)
   last week filed a lawsuit in Germany against ResearchGate, a popular academic
   networking site, alleging copyright infringement on a massive scale. The
   move comes after a larger group of publishers became dissatisfied with
   ResearchGate's response to a request to alter its article-sharing
   practices. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.358.6360.161 ]['17].

%A B. C. Martinson
%T Give researchers a lifetime word limit
%J Nature
%P ?-?
%N 7676
%V 550
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K news, views, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, publish, perish, publication,
   academic, scientific, research, impact, authorship, paper, papers, citations
%X "A dirty truth pervades academic publishing: we write papers to gain credit
   in an academic marketplace. Almost a quarter of a century ago, academic
   worthies lamented that scholarly publications had become 'the coins academics
   must use to get through the tollgates on their way to academic promotion'
   (D. Rennie and A. Flanagin J. Am. Med. Assoc. 271, 469-471; 1994). In some
   cases, papers in flashy j. truly do bring in hard cash - reportedly more than
   US$40,000 at some unis. in China. And plenty of people reading this will have
   felt they'd better squeeze a paper or two out soon to have any chance of
   getting their next grant proposal funded. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/550303a]['17].
   [Also search for: publish perish].

%A L. Mundy
%T Code Girls: The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers of
   World War II
%I HachetteBooks
%P 432
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K book, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, codes, cyphers, cryptology, cryptanalysis,
   WWII, WW2, cypher, code, breaker, girls, women, mathematics, maths, math,
   science, STEM
%X 1st ed 2017; hb us$17; uk us isbn:0316352535, uk us isbn13:978-0316352536.
   "Recruited by the U.S. Army and Navy from small towns and elite colleges,
   more than ten thousand women served as codebreakers during WWII. ..."
   [Also search for: WW2 code] and [also search for: women STEM].

%T The Lancet commission on pollution and health
%J The Lancet
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, public health, pollution, death, deaths,
   risk, risks, disease, air, water, soil, sustainable, environment
%X [www]['17].
   Also see, "Pollution has been linked to nine million deaths worldwide
      in 2015 ... Almost all of these deaths occurred in low- and
      middle-income countries, where pollution could account for up to a
      quarter of deaths. Bangladesh and Somalia were the worst affected. ..."
   -- the bbc[20/10/2017].

%T Many junior scientists need to take a hard look at their job prospects
%J Nature
%V 550
%N 7677
%P ?-?
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K news, views, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, academic, university, research,
   science, scientist, job, jobs, career, careers, prospect, exploitation,
   PhD, PhDs, postgrad, postgraduate, degree, degrees, STEM, UK, US, USA,
   postdoc, editorial
%X Editorial:
   "... For our Careers section this week, Nature surveyed more than 5,700
   early-career scientists worldwide who are working on PhDs. Three-quarters of
   them, they told us, think it's likely that they will pursue an academic
   career when they graduate ... Global figures are hard to come by, but only
   three or four in every hundred PhD students in the United Kingdom will land
   a permanent staff position at a university. It's only a little better in the
   United States. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/550429a]['17].

%A Y. Zhang
%T Bounded gaps between primes
%J Annals of Mathematics
%V 179
%N 3
%P 1121-1174
%M MAY
%D 2014
%K jrnl, c2014, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, Yitang Zhang, twin, consecutive, prime,
   primes, gap, gaps, finite bound, Bombieri Vinogradov
%X "It is proved that lim inf_{n->inf} (p_{n+1} - p_n) < 7 x 10^7,
   where p_n is the n-th prime.  Our method is a refinement of the recent work
   of Goldston, Pintz and Yildirim on the small gaps between consecutive primes.
   A major ingredient of the proof is a stronger version of the
   Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem that is applicable when the moduli are free from
   large prime divisors only, but it is adequate for our purpose."
   -- [doi:10.4007/annals.2014.179.3.7]['17].
   (Also see twin-prime@[wikip]['17].)

%A I. Stewart
%T Significant Figures: Lives and Works of Trailblazing Mathematicians
%I ProfileBooks
%D 2017
%K book, text, biog, biography, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, maths, math,
   mathematician, Poincare, Lovelace, Gauss, Ramanujan
%X 1st ed 2017; pb us$12; isbn:1781258996; isbn13:978-1781258996.

%A T. Gannon
%T Mathematics: A pariah finds a home
%J Nature
%V ?
%N ?
%P ?-?
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K news, c2017, c201xm, c20xx, zz1017, maths, mathematics, group theory,
   finite simple groups, sporadic, O'Nan, ONan, pariah moonshine, Selmer,
   Tate Shafarevich, elliptic curve, Duncan, Mertens, Ono, physics
%X "Pariahs are fundamental building blocks in a branch of mathematics called
   group theory, but seem to be unconnected from both physics & other areas of
   maths. Such a connection has now been identified. ... there are also 26
   isolated groups called the sporadics. ... The largest is known as the
   monster; it contains about 8 x 1053 elements & all but 6 of the other
   sporadics. The remaining 6 are jokingly called the pariahs. It could have
   been that every sporadic is completely disconnected from all other areas of
   maths & sci.. But the monster is not irrelevant: its representations show up
   in modular functions. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/nature24147]['17].
   This news is about:
      Duncan JFR, Mertens MH, Ono K. 'Pariah moonshine,'
      Nat.Commun., 8(1):670, Sept., 2017,
      [doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00660-y.]['17].

%A N. S. Yanofsky
%T Theoretical Computer Science for the working category theorist
%J arXiv
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K TR, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, maths, mathematics, category theory,
   functor
%X 'Theoretical computer science discusses foundational issues about
    computations. It asks & answers questions such as "What is a computation?",
   "What is computable?", "What is efficiently computable?","What is
   information?", "What is random?", "What is an algorithm?", etc. We will
   present many of the major themes & theorems with the basic language of
   category theory. Surprisingly, many interesting theorems & concepts of
   theoretical comp. sci. are easy consequences of functoriality & composition
   when you look at the right categories & functors connecting them.'
   -- 1710.03090@[arXiv]['17].

%A S. Dehaene
%A H. Lau
%A S. Kouide
%T What is consciousness, and could machines have it?
%J Science
%V 358
%N 6362
%P 486-492
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K jrnl, views, AI, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, consciousness, brain, mind,
   robot, AI, unconscious, self awareness, android
%X "...  We suggest that the word 'consciousness' conflates two different types
   of information-processing computations in the brain: the selection of
   information for global broadcasting, thus making it flexibly available for
   computation and report (C1, consciousness in the first sense), and the
   self-monitoring of those computations, leading to a subjective sense of
   certainty or error (C2, consciousness in the second sense). We argue that
   despite their recent successes, current machines are still mostly
   implementing computations that reflect unconscious processing (C0) in the
   human brain. We review the psychological and neural science of unconscious
   (C0) and conscious computations (C1 and C2) and outline how they may inspire
   novel machine architectures."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.aan8871]['17].

%A R. A. Fisher
%T The negative binomial distribution
%J Annals of Eugenics
%V 11
%N 1
%P 182-187
%D 1941
%K jrnl, c1941, c194x, c19xx, zz1017, RAFisher, Fisher, information matrix, F,
   informationMatrix, max likelihood, second derivatives, stats, statistics, II,
   frequentist, Edgeworth
%X "... (q-p)^{-k}, q=1+p, k positive ...".
   David (1995) nominates this paper as having the first(?)
   use of the term "(Fisher) Information Matrix".
   -- [doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1941.tb02284.x]['17].
   [Also search for: David terms statistics].
   (*But also read,
      "... The Fisher information was discussed by several early statisticians,
      notably F.Y.Edgeworth. [E.g.,] Savage says: 'In it [Fisher information],
      he [Fisher] was to some extent anticipated (Edgeworth 1908-9 esp. 502,
      507-8, 662, 677-8, 82-5 and references he [Edgeworth] cites including
      Pearson and Filon 1898 [...]).' There are a number of early historical
      sources and a number of reviews of this early work. ..."
      -- [wikip][10/2017].*)

%A S. Fienberg
%T When did Bayesian inference become "Bayesian"?
%J Bayesian Analysis
%V 1
%N 1
%P 1-40
%D 2006
%K jrnl, c2006, c200x, c20xx, zz1017, Bayesian, Bayesianism, theorem, stats,
   statistics, frequentist, posterior, inverse probability, inference, II, AI,
   history
%X "While Bayes' theorem has a 250-year history, & the method of inverse
   probability that flowed from it dominated statistical thinking into the
   twentieth century, the adjective "Bayesian" was not part of the stat. lexicon
   until relatively recently. This paper provides an overview of key B.
   developments, beginning with Bayes' posthumously published 1763 paper &
   continuing up through ~ 1970, inc. the period of time when "Bayesian" emerged
   as the label of choice for those who advocated Bayesian methods."
   -- [www]['17].

%A B. M. Lo
%A C. M. Visintainer
%A H. A. Best
%A H. A. Beydoun
%T Answering the myth: Use of emergency services on Friday the 13th
%J The American J. of Emergency Medicine
%V 20
%N 6
%P 886-889
%M JUL
%D 2012
%K jrnl, c2012, c201x, c20xx, zz1017, medicine, accident, rate, risk, risks,
   Friday 13, 13th, thirteenth, myth, myths, superstition, hospital,
   emergency, ED, admissions
%X "A total of 49,094 patient encounters were evaluated. Average ED visits for
   Friday the 13th were not increased compared with the F. before & after the
   month before. However, compared with the month after, there were fewer ED
   visits on F. the 13th (150.1 vs 134.7, P = .011). Of the 13 categories
   evaluated, only penetrating trauma was noted to have an increase risk
   associated with F. the 13th (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval,
   1.04-2.61). No other category was noted to have an increase risk on F. the
   13th compared with the control dates.  ... Although the fear of F. the 13th
   may exist, there is no worry that an increase in volume occurs [then]
   compared with the other days studies. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2011.06.008]['17].
   (Also see the abc[13/10/2017]], yes a Friday.)
   [Also search for: full moon risk].