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%A S. Russell
%T Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control
%I Viking
%P 352
%M OCT
%D 2019
%K book, text, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz1019, AI, versus, human, robot,
   convergence, HAL, Terminator, superintelligence, superintelligent
%X 1st ed 2019, hb us$28; uk is isbn:0525558616; uk us isbn13:978-0525558613.
   "... In the popular imagination, superhuman artificial intelligence is an
   approaching tidal wave that threatens not just jobs and human relationships,
   but civilization itself. Conflict between humans and machines is seen as
   inevitable and its outcome all too predictable.  In this groundbreaking book,
   distinguished AI researcher Stuart Russell argues that this scenario can be
   avoided, but only if we rethink AI from the ground up. ..."
   [Also search for: human versus AI].

%A S. Gallus
%A et al ...
%A C. La Vecchia
%T Does pizza protect against cancer?
%J Int. J. of Cancer
%V 107
%N 2
%P 283-284
%M NOV
%D 2003
%K jrnl, c2003, c200x, c20xx, zz1019, human, health, medicine, cancer, risk,
   risks, diet, pizza, mediteranean, IgNobel, IgNoble, 2019, c2019
%X "We analyzed the potential role of pizza on cancer risk, using data from an
   integrated network of case-control studies conducted in Italy between 1991
   and 2000. ...  Odds ratios for regular pizza consumers were 0.66 (95%
   confidence interval, CI = 0.47-0.93) for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 0.41
   (95% CI = 0.25-0.69) for oesophageal, 0.82 (95% CI = 0.56-1.19) for
   laryngeal, 0.74 (95% CI = 0.61-0.89) for colon and 0.93 (95% CI = 0.75-1.17)
   for rectal cancer. Pizza appears therefore to be a favorable indicator of
   risk for digestive tract neoplasms in this population."
   -- [doi:10.1002/ijc.11382]['19].
   SG won the IgNobel prize for medicine [2019].

%A M. S. Johnson
%A A. Martsu
%A S. Kryazhimskiy
%A M. M. Desai
%T Higher-fitness yeast genotypes are less robust to deleterious mutations
%J Science
%V 366
%N 6464
%P 490-493
%M OCT
%D 2019
%K jrnl, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz1019, biology, evolution, fitness, robustness,
   robust, selection, fitest, fittest, mutation, yeast
%X "... In many microbial systems, diminishing-returns epistasis contributes to
   a tendency for more-fit genotypes to be less adaptable, but no analogous
   patterns for robustness are known. To understand how rob. varies across
   genotypes, we measure the fitness effects of hundreds of individual insertion
   mutations in a panel of yeast strains. We find that more-fit strains are less
   robust: They have distributions of fitness effects with lower mean & higher
   variance. These differences arise because many mutations have more strongly
   deleterious effects in faster-growing strains. This -ve correlation between
   fitness & robustness implies that second-order seln for robustness will tend
   to conflict with first-order selection for fitness."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.aay4199]['19].

%A L. E. Crawford
%A et al ...
%A K. G. Lambert
%T Enriched environment exposure accelerates rodent driving skills
%J J. Behavioural Brain Research
%V ?
%M OCT
%D 2019
%K jrnl, c2019, c201xx, c20xx, zz1019, animal, rodent, rat, rats, car, vehicle,
   ROV, drive, driving, skill, ratmobile, Dehydroepiandrosterone,
   corticosterone, neurochemistry, DHEA, interest, stress, CORT, funny, haha
%X "... preliminary research establishing that rats could be taught to drive a
   rodent operated vehicle (ROV) in a fwd dirnction, as well as steer in more
   complex navigational patterns, male rats housed in an enriched environment
   were exposed to the rodent driving regime. Compared to std-housed rats,
   enriched-housed rats demonstrated more robust learning ... suggesting that
   driving training, regardless of housing group, enhanced markers of emotional
   resilience. ... confirm the importance of enriched environments in preparing
   animals to engage in complex behavioral tasks. ..."  [online 16/10/2019]
   -- [doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112309]['19].
   Also see the [bbc][24/10/2019].
   (I can see an IgNobel prize in the making.)

%A S. Furber
%A S. Temple
%T Neural systems engineering
%J J. Royal Soc. Interface
%V 4
%P 193-206
%D 2007
%K jrnl, c2007, c200x, c20xx, zz1019, NN, ANN, ManchesterUni, UManchester,
   SpiNNaker
%X "...  At present, however, knowledge about the operational principles of the
   brain is far from complete, so attempts at emulation must employ a great
   deal of assumption and guesswork ... o computer engineers have something to
   contribute, alongside neuroscientists, psychologists, mathematicians and
   others, to the understanding of brain and mind, which remains as one of the
   great frontiers of science?"
   -- [doi:10.1098/rsif.2006.0177]['19].
   [Also search for: SpiNNaker].
   Also see SpiNNaker@[manchester]['19].

%A Y. Polozhentseva
%A M. Klevtsova
%T KPI-monitoring for university's performance improvement
%J Economic Annals-XXI
%V 163
%N 1-2(1)
%P 71-74
%D 2017
%K jrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1019, university, academic, research,
   managament, education, KPI, KPIs, ranking, rankings, THES, Leiden, QS,
   SCImago, ERA, ARC, Stanford, Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford, Toronto, Tokyo,
   Lomonosov, Moscow, europe, uk, usa, russia
%X "Approaches based on KPI-monitoring are used by commercial entities
   worldwide. However, such an approach is new and insufficiently developed for
   universities. Specific features of their functioning necessitate not just
   assessment of their economic efficiency but also consideration of special
   aspects of higher education. Therefore, studying the issues of uni.
   performance monitoring based on the development of a system of indicators is
   challenging in terms of encouraging rapid international development of
   'smart economy'. The article contains analysis of universities' global
   rankings based on the selection of indicators of KPI-monitoring system to
   show development of university competitive strengths related to countries'
   economic development."
   -- [www]['19].
   [Also search for: university management].
   (Also see [rankings].)

%A J. Bardin
%A et al ...
%A C. M. Gidney
%T A 28nm bulk-CMOS 4-to-8GHz < 2mW cryogenic pulse modulator for
   scalable quantum computing
%J Proc. 2019 Int. Solid State Circuits Conf.
%A IEEE
%P 456-458
%D 2019
%K conf, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz1019, google, quantum, computer, computing,
   qubit, qubits
%X "Future q.c. systems will require cryogenic integrated circuits to control
   & measure millions of qubits. ... we report design & measurement of a
   prototype cryogenic CMOS integrated circuit that has been optimized for the
   control of transmon qubits. The circuit has been integrated into a q.
   measurement setup & its performance has been validated through multiple
   quantum control experiments."
   -- pub47965@[g'gle]['19].
   [Also search for: quantum computing].

%T A kinder research culture is possible
%J Nature
%M OCT
%D 2019
%K news, views, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz1019, scientific, university, research,
   KPI, KPIs, quality, excellence, management, culture, ARC, grants, ERA,
   Farrar, Welcome Trust, biol, biology
%X "Wellcome's director Jeremy Farrar didn't hold back. 'The emphasis on
   excellence in the research system is stifling diverse thinking and positive
   behaviours,' he wrote in a blog post last month. 'The relentless drive for
   research excellence has created a culture in modern science that cares
   exclusively about what is achieved and not about how it is achieved.' These
   are strong words, not least because Farrar acknowledges that the UK
   biomedical funding charity that he leads helped to create such a focus on
   excellence. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02951-4]['19].
   [Also search for: scientific research management].

%A F. Arute
%A et al ...
%A J. M. Martinis
%T Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor
%J Nature
%V 574
%P 505-510
%M OCT
%D 2019
%K jrnl, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz1019, quantum computer, quantumComputer,
   computing, google, Sycamore, 53 qubits, controversial, claim, IBM Summit,
%X "...  we report the use of a processor with programmable superconducting
   qubits to create q.states on 53 qubits, corr. to a computational state-space
   of dimension 253 (~10^16). Measurements from repeated experiments sample the
   resulting prob. distn, which we verify using classical simulations. Our
   Sycamore processor takes about 200 seconds to sample one instance of a
   q.circuit a million times - our benchmarks currently indicate that the
   equivalent task for a state-of-the-art classical supercomputer would take
   ~10,000 years. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5]['19].
   Interesting, but not yet useful.
   (Also see the bbc[23/10/2019], and
   1910.09534@[arXiv][21/10/19]
   [ibm][21/10/2019].)

%A Socrates
%T Quote
%K Socrates, Socratic, Plato, wisdom, knowledge, over confidence, overconfident,
   experience, paradox, Dunning Kruger effect, law, zz1019
%X '"I know that I know nothing" is a saying derived from Plato's account of the
   Greek philosopher Socrates. It is also called the Socratic paradox. The
   phrase is not one that Socrates himself is ever recorded as saying.
   This saying is also connected or conflated with the answer to a question
   Socrates (according to Xenophon) or Chaerephon (according to Plato) is said
   to have posed to the Pythia, the Oracle of Delphi, in which the oracle stated
   something to the effect of "Socrates is the wisest."'
   -- [wikip]['19].

%A M. C. Jones
%T Connecting distributions with power tails on the real line, the half line
   and the interval
%J Int. Statistical Rev.
%V 75
%N 1
%P 58-69
%M MAR
%D 2007
%K jrnl, c2007, c200x, c20xx, zz1019, continuous probability distribution,
   symmetry, heavy, tail, fat, tails, transformation, stats
%X "Univariate continuous distributions have three possible types of support
   exemplified by: the whole real line, R, the semi-finite interval, R+, the
   bounded interval (0,1). This paper is about connecting distributions on these
   supports via 'natural' simple transformations in such a way that tail
   properties are preserved. In particular ... focussed on the case where the
   tails (at +/-inf) of densities are heavy, decreasing as a (-ve) power of
   their argument; connections are then especially elegant. At boundaries (0 &
   1), densities behave conformably with a directly related dependence on power
   of argument. The transformation from (0,1) to R is the std odds transn. The
   transn from R+ to R is a novel identity-minus-reciprocal transn. The main
   points of contact with existing distns are with the transfns involved in the
   Birnbaum-Saunders distn &, especially, the Johnson family of distns.
   Relationships between various other existing & newly proposed distns are
   explored."
   -- [doi:10.1111/j.1751-5823.2007.00006.x]['19].
   [Also search for: probability distribution symmetry].

%A G. S. Mudholkar
%A H. Wang
%T IG-symmetry and R-symmetry: Interrelations and applications to the
   inverse Gaussian theory
%J J. of Stat. Planning and Inference
%V 137
%N 11
%P 3655-3671
%M NOV
%D 2007
%K jrnl, c2007, c200x, c20xx, zz1019, stats, inverse Gaussian, Wald, IG,
   symmetry, IGsymmetry, IGsymmetric, analogy, RRIG, Rsymmetry, Rsymmetric,
   probability distribution, symmetric, Tweedie
%X "... [here] first elaborate the importance of the IG distn and of the G-IG
   analogies. Then we consider the IG-related root-reciprocal IG (RRIG) distn
   & introduce a physically transparent, conceptually clear notion of reciprocal
   symmetry (R-symmetry) and use it to explain the IG-symmetry. We study the
   moments & mixture properties of the R-symmetric distns & the relationship of
   R-symmetry with IG-symmetry & note that RRIG distn provides a link, in
   addition to Tweedie's Laplace transform link, between the Gaussian & inverse
   Gaussian distributions. We also give a structural characterization of the
   unimodal R-symmetric distns. This work further expands the long list of G-IG
   analogies. Several applications including product convolution, monotonicity
   of power fns, peakedness & monotone limit thms of R-symmetry are outlined."
   -- [doi:10.1016/j.jspi.2007.03.041]['19].
   [Also search for: probability distribution symmetry].
   (Also see,
   "... [IG]name can be misleading: it is an 'inverse' only in that, while the
   G. describes a Brownian motion's level at a fixed time, the inverse G
   describes the distn of the time a B.motion with +ve drift takes to reach a
   fixed +ve level.  ..."
   -- inv_G@[wikip]['19].)

%A P. Bille
%A I. Li Gortz
%A T. Anna Steiner
%T String indexing with compressed patterns
%J arXiv
%M SEP
%D 2019
%J TR, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz1019, string, strings, substring, match, index,
   query, pattern, search, compressed, LZ 77, LZ77, trie, algorithm,
   data structure
%X "Given a string S of length n, the classic string indexing problem is to
   preprocess S into a compact data struct. that supports efficient subsequent
   pattern queries. ... we consider the basic variant where the pattern is given
   in compressed form and the goal is to achieve query time that is fast in
   terms of the compressed size of the pattern. ... consider how to efficiently
   process the compressed query directly. Our main result is a novel linear
   space DS that achieves near-optimal query time for patterns compressed with
   the classic Lempel-Ziv compression scheme. [&] develop several data
   structural techniques of indep. interest, inc. a novel DS that compactly
   encodes all LZ77 compressed suffixes of a string in linear space & a general
   decomposition of tries that reduces the search time from logarithmic in the
   size of the trie to logarithmic in the length of the pattern."
   -- 1909.11930@[arXiv]['19].

%A P. Charalampopoulos
%A T. Kociumaka
%A S. P. Pissis
%A J. Radoszewski
%A W. Rytter
%A J. Straszynski
%A T. Walen
%A W. Zuba
%T Weighted shortest common supersequence problem revisited
%J arXiv
%M SEP
%D 2019
%K TR, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz1019, weighted shortest common supersequence,
   WSCS, SCS, SCSS, problem, NPC, weighted longest common subsequence, WLCS,
   Amir, fuzzy, character, probability, degenerate, dString, indeterminate,
   string, strings, algorithm
%X "A weighted string, also known as a position weight matrix, is a seq. of
   prob. distns over some alphabet. We revisit the Weighted Shortest Common
   Supersequence (WSCS) problem, introduced by Amir et al. [SPIRE 2011], that
   is, the SCS problem on weighted strings. .. we are given two weighted strings
   W1 and W2 and a threshold Freq on probability, and we are asked to compute
   the shortest (std) string S such that both W1 and W2 match subseqs. of S
   (not nec. the same) with prob. at least Freq. Amir et al. showed that this
   problem is NPC if the probs., inc. the threshold Freq, are represented by
   their logarithms (encoded in binary). We present an alg. that solves the WSCS
   problem for two wtd strings of length n over a const.-sized alphabet in
   O(n^2 sqrt(z) log(z)) time. Notably, our upper bound matches known cond.
   lower bounds stating that the WSCS problem cannot be solved in O(n^(2-e))
   time or in O^*(z^(0.5-e)) time unless there is a breakthrough improving upon
   long-standing upbs for fundamental NPH problems (CNF-SAT & Subset Sum,
   resp.). We also discover a fundamental difference between the WSCS problem &
   the WLCS problem, intr. by Amir et al. [JDA 2010]. We show that the WLCS
   problem cannot be solved in O(n^f(z)) time, for any fn f(z), unless P=NP."
   -- 1909.11433@[arXiv]['19].
   [Also search for: indeterminate dString].

%A D. Kempa
%A T. Kociumaka
%T Resolution of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform conjecture
%J arXiv
%M OCT
%D 2019
%K TR, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz1019, BWT, indexing, search, compression,
   string, strings, LZ, LZ77
%X "...  The compression ratio of BWT-based compressors, such as bzip2, is
   quantified by the # 'r' of maximal equal-letter runs in the BWT. ... we show
   that every text satisfies r=O(z log^2 n). This result has a # of immediate
   implications: (1) it proves that a large body of work related to BWT
   automatically applies to the so-far disjoint field of Lempel-Ziv indexing &
   compression, e.g., it is possible to obtain full functionality of the suffix
   tree & the suffix array in O(z polylog n) space; (2) it lets us relate the
   # of runs in the BWT of the text & its reverse; (3) it shows that many
   fundamental text processing tasks can be solved in the optimal time assuming
   that the text is compressible by a suff. large polylogn factor using LZ77."
      ('z' is "the size of Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) parsing of the text")
   -- 1910.10631@[arXiv]['19].
   [Also search for: BWT].