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%A Y. Je
%A E. Giovannucci
%T Coffee consumption and total mortality: a meta-analysis of twenty
   prospective cohort studies
%J J. Nutrition
%V
%P 1162-1173
%M NOV
%D 2014
%K jrnl, c2014, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, human health, coffee, risk, risks,
   zzCoffee, positive, death, life expectancy
%X "... Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% CI were calculated using a
   random-effects model. We identified twenty studies of coffee consumption &
   total mortality, including 129,538 cases of deaths among the 973,904
   participants. The RR of total mortality for the high v. low category of
   coffee consumption was 0.86 (95% CI 0.80, 0.92). The pooled RR for studies
   using >= 2-4 cups/d as a cut-off for the high category was similar to that
   for studies using >= 5-9 cups/d as the cut-off. By geographical region, the
   inverse association tended to be stronger for the eight studies conducted
   in Europe (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70, 0.88) and three studies carried out in
   Japan (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73, 0.92) than for the nine studies conducted in
   the USA (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84, 1.00). The inverse assoc. was similar for
   men (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73, 0.90) and women (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79, 0.89).
   A weak, but significant, inverse association was found with moderate
   coffee consumption (1-2 cups/d; RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87, 0.98). High
   decaffeinated coffee consumption was also found to be associated with a
   lower risk of death, but the data are limited. Our findings indicate that
   coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of total mortality."
   -- 24279995@[pubm'd]['17].
   [Also search for: zzCoffee].
   (Also see abc[21/11/]['17].)

%A N. A. Kovacs
%A A. S. Petrov
%A K. A. Lanier
%A L. D. Williams
%T Frozen in time: The history of proteins
%J Mol. Biol. Evol.
%V 34
%N 5
%P 1252-1260
%M MAY
%D 2017
%K jrnl, MBE, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, MolBio, protein, ribosome,
   origin of life, origins, evolution, folding, ribosomal, rprotein,
   beta hairpin
%X "The ribosome is imprinted with a detailed molecular chronology of the
   origins and early evolution of proteins. ... show that when arranged by
   evolutionary phase of ribosomal evolution, ribosomal protein (rProtein)
   segments reveal an atomic  level history  of  protein  folding ... RNA
   stabilized polypeptide assemblies, which evolved in a stepwise process into
   globular domains, bypassing the immense space of random unproductive seqs..
   Coded proteins originated as oligomers and polymers created by the ribosome,
   on the ribosome and for the ribosome.  Synthesis of increasingly longer
   products was iteratively coupled with lengthening and maturation of the
   ribosomal exit tunnel. Protein catalysis appears to be a late byproduct of
   selection for sophisticated and finely controlled assembly."
   -- [doi:10.1093/molbev/msx086]['17] (online 15/2/2017),
   or pdf@[gaTech]['17],
   at wLab@[gaTech]['17].

%T O. Rozenblatt-Rosen
%A M. J. T. Stubbington
%A A. Regev
%A S. A. Teichmann
%T The Human Cell Atlas: from vision to reality
%J Nature
%V 550
%P 451-453
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, human, cell, cells, www, HREF,
   cellAtlas
%X "Our knowledge of the cells that make up the human body, and how they vary
   from person to person, or throughout development and in health or disease,
   is still very limited. This week, a year after project planning began ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/550451a]['17].
   Home page: [humancellatlas]['17].

%A J. A. Byrne
%A C. Labbe
%T Striking similarities between publications from China describing single
   gene knockdown experiments in human cancer cell lines
%J Scientometrics
%V 110
%N 3
%P 1471-1493
%M MAR
%D 2017
%K jrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, MolBio, stats, China, TPD52L2, gene,
   genes, cancer, scientific research, misconduct, papers,
   science, academic, ethics, fraud, laziness, errors, retraction
%X "Comparing 5 publications from China that described knockdowns of the human
   TPD52L2 gene in human cancer cell lines identified unexpected similarities
   between these publns, flaws in experimental design, & mis-matches between
   some described experiments & the reported results. ... two of these TPD52L2
   publns have been retracted. One retraction notice stated that while the
   authors claimed that the data were original, the experiments had been
   out-sourced to a biotech. company. Using search engine queries, automatic
   text-analysis, different similarity measures, & further visual inspection,
   we identified 48 examples of highly similar papers describing single gene
   knockdowns in 1-2 human cancer cell lines that were all published by
   investigators from China. The incorrect use of a particular TPD52L2 shRNA
   sequence as a negative or non-targeting control was identified in 30/48 (63%)
   of these publns, using a combination of Google Scholar searches & visual
   inspection. Overall, these results suggest that some publns describing the
   effects of single gene knockdowns in human cancer cell lines may include the
   results of experiments that were not performed by the authors. This has
   serious implications for the validity of such results, & for their
   application in future research."
   -- [doi:10.1007/s11192-016-2209-6]['17].

%A F. McNally
%T Competing chromosomes explain junk DNA
%J Science
%V 358
%N 6363
%P 594-595
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K news, views, MolBio, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, chromosome, eukaryote,
   sexual reproduction, genes, meiosis, meiotic, cell, egg, female, centromere,
   spindle, selfish DNA, CDC42
%X "The vast majority of eukaryotes have two copies of each chromosome and
   reproduce sexually. Meiosis is a vital process that produces gametes (eggs
   and sperm) by reducing the number of chromosome copies to one ... It is a
   fundamental tenet of genetics that there is a random, 50% chance for any
   particular chromosome to be segregated into the egg versus the polar body.
   However, cases in which one copy of a chromosome is inherited with greater
   than 50% frequency have been reported in many species ... Thus, the essential
   DNA sequences that mediate accurate chromosome segregation are actually
   'selfish' (or parasitic) genetic elements that have invaded our genome."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.aaq0200]['17].
   Points to
      [doi:10.1126/science.aan0092]['17].

%A S. S. Khan
%A et al
%A D. E. Vaughan
%T A null mutation in SERPINE1 protects against biological aging in humans
%J Sci. Adv.
%V 3
%N 11
%P eaao1617
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K jrnl, eJrnl, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, MolBio, gene, human, ageing,
   aging, longevity, lifespan, mutation, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,
   PAI-1, PAI1, senescence, SERPINE1, SERPINE, Amish
%X "Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been shown to be a key
   component of the senescence-related secretome and a direct mediator of
   cellular senescence. ... the role of PAI-1 in human longevity remains
   unclear. We hypothesized that a rare loss-of-function mutation in SERPINE1
   (c.699_700dupTA), which encodes PAI-1, could play a role in longevity and
   metabolism in humans. We studied 177 members of the Berne Amish community,
   which included 43 carriers of the null SERPINE1 mutation. Heterozygosity was
   assoc. with sig. longer leukocyte telomere length, lower fasting insulin
   levels, and lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus. In the extended Amish
   kindred, carriers of the null SERPINE1 allele had a longer life span. Our
   study indicates a causal effect of PAI-1 on human longevity, which may be
   mediated by alterations in metabolism. Our findings demonstrate the utility
   of studying loss-of-function mutations in populations with geographic and
   genetic isolation and shed light on a novel therapeutic target for aging."
   -- [doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao1617]['17].

%A M.-C. Luo
%A et al ...
%A J. Dvorak
%T Genome sequence of the progenitor of the wheat D genome Aegilops tauschii
%J Nature
%V 551
%P 498-502
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, plant, wheat, genome, nGenome,
   Aegilops tauschii, food crop, grass, grasses, chromosomes,
   PRJNA341983, PRJEB23317
%X "Aegilops tauschii is the diploid progenitor of the D genome of hexaploid
   wheat (Triticum aestivum, genomes AABBDD) and an important genetic resource
   for wheat. ... reveal that the Ae. tauschii genome has a greater number of
   dispersed duplicated genes than other sequenced genomes and its chromosomes
   have been structurally evolving an order of magnitude faster than those of
   other grass genomes. The decay of colinearity with other grass genomes
   correlates with recombination rates along chromosomes. We propose that the
   vast amounts of very similar repeated sequences cause frequent errors in
   recombination and lead to gene duplications and structural chromosome
   changes that drive fast genome evolution."
      "... The wheat and Aegilops genomes have seven chromosomes, which
      evolved by dysploid reductions from twelve ancestral chromosomes. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/nature24486]['17].
   PRJNA341983@[ncbi]['17],
   PRJEB23317@[ebi]['17].

%A P. M. Harrison
%T fLPS: Fast discovery of compositional biases for the protein universe
%J BMC Bioinformatics
%V 18
%N 476
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, fLPS, protein,
   amino acid, sequence, bias, biased, composition
%X "... a process of probability minimization. First, contigs are constructed
   for each amino-acid type out of seq. windows with a low degree of bias;
   second, these contigs are searched exhaustively for low-probability subseqs.
   (LPSs); third, such LPSs are iteratively assessed for merger into possible
   multiple-residue biases. At each of these stages, efficiency measures are
   taken to avoid or delay probability calculations unless/until they are
   necessary. On a current desktop workstation, the fLPS algorithm can annotate
   the biased regions of the yeast proteome (>5700 sequences) in <1 ..."
   -- [doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1906-3]['17].
   [Also search for: biased sequence].

%A R. Poole
%A P. Roderick
%A J. A. Fallowfield
%A P. C. Hayes
%T Coffee consumption and health: Umbrella review of meta-analyses of
   multiple health outcomes
%J BMJ
%V 359
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K jrnl, BMJ, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, coffee, zzCoffee, positive,
   human health, caffeine consumption, longevity, mortality, cardiovascular
%X "... meta-analyses of observational and interventional studies of coffee
   consumption & any health outcome. ... largest relative risk reduction at
   intakes of three to four cups a day versus none, inc. all cause mortality
   (relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.88), cardiovascular mortality
   (0.81, 0.72 to 0.90), and cardiovascular disease (0.85, 0.80 to 0.90).
   High v. low consumption was assoc. with an 18% lower risk of incident cancer
   (0.82, 0.74 to 0.89).  ...  Coffee consumption seems generally
   safe within usual levels of intake, with summary estimates indicating largest
   risk reduction for various health outcomes at three to four cups a day, &
   more likely to benefit health than harm. Robust randomised controlled trials
   are needed to understand whether the observed associations are causal.
   Importantly, outside of pregnancy, existing evidence suggests that coffee
   could be tested as an intervention without significant risk of causing harm.
   Women at increased risk of fracture should possibly be excluded."
   -- [doi:10.1136/bmj.j5024]['17].
   [Also search for: zzCoffee].

%A G. R. G. Mure
%T Aristotle's Posterior Analytics
%B Aristotle Organon And Other Works
%E W. D. Ross
%D 1925
%K chapter, c1925, c192x, c19xx, zz1117, Aristotle, Organon, philosophy,
   reasoning
%X [www][2017].
   Also see [www][2017].

%A C. H. Bennett
%T The thermodynamics of computation - a review
%J Int. J. of Theor. Physics
%T 21
%V 12
%P 905-940
%D 1982
%K jrnl, c1982, c198x, c19xx, zz1117, quantum computing, computing, reversible,
   energy, Fredkin, Toffoli, quote, waste heat, quotable
%X "Computers may be thought of as engines for transforming free energy into
   waste heat and mathematical work. Existing electronic computers dissipate
   energy vastly in excess of the mean thermal energy kT, for purposes such as
   maintaining volatile storage devices in a bistable condition, synchronizing
   and standardizing signals, and maximizing switching speed. On the other hand,
   recent models due to Fredkin and Toffoli show that in principle ..."
   -- [spr'nger]['17].
   [Also search for: reversible computing].

%A K. Steiglitz
%T Two non-standard paradigms for computation: Analog machines and
   cellular automata
%B Performance limits in communication theory and practice
%P 173-192
%D 1988
%S NATO ASI, NSSE
%V 142
%I Springer
%K chapter, c1988, c198x, c19xx, zz1117, analog, analogue, quantum,
   non standard, nonStandard, computing, complexity, NPC, strong Church thesis
%X "Serious roadblocks have been encountered in several areas of computer
   application, for example in the solution of intractable (NP-complete)
   combinatorial problems, or in the simulation of fluid flow. In this talk we
   will explore two alternatives to the usual kinds of computers, and ask if
   they provide some hope of ultimately by-passing what appear to be essential
   difficulties."               (from a ref in Shor 1995.)
   [Also search for: analogue computing].

%A P. van Emde Boas
%T Machine models and simulations
%B Handbook of theoretical computer science
%V A: algorithms and complexity
%E J. van Leeuwen
%P 1-66
%D 1991
%K chapter, c1991, c199x, c19xx, zz1117, model, simulation, vanEmdeBoas,
   invariance thesis, Church thesis, NPC, quantum computing, complexity, NPC
%X "In complexity theory ... The invariance thesis states that reasonable
   sequential models simulate each other with polynomial overhead in time and
   constant factor overhead in space. The parallel computation thesis states
   that parallel time is the equivalent of sequential space. Rather than using
   these theses as absolute truths we use them as heuristic tools by which two
   machine classes of well-behaved devices are separated from the more
   irregular devices. ..."
   -- [uva.nl]['17],
   and in isbn:0444880712, MITpress.  (From a ref in Shor 1985.)

%A A. Vergis
%A K. Steiglitz
%A B. Dickinson
%T The complexity of analog computation
%J Math. Comput. Simulation
%V 28
%N 2
%P 91-113
%M APR
%D 1986
%K jrnl, c1986, c198x, c19xx, zz1117, computing, computability, NPC, analog,
   analogue, algorithm, computer, Churchs, strong Church thesis, quantum
%X "We ask if analog computers can solve NP-complete problems efficiently.
   Regarding this as unlikely, we formulate a strong version of Church's
   Thesis: that any analog computer can be simulated efficiently (in
   polynomial time) by a digital computer. ...  We conclude with a comment on
   the recently discovered connection between spin glasses and combinatorial
   optimization."
   -- [doi:10.1016/0378-4754(86)90105-9]['17].  (ref in Shor 1995.)
   [Also search for: analogue computing].

%A P. V. Spade
%T The Cambridge Companion to Ockham
%I CUP
%D 1999
%K book, text, c1999, c199x, c19xx, zz1117, William of Ockham, Occam,
   Ochham's razor, Ockhams, monk, philosophy, religion
%X uk us isbn13:978-0521582445.
   [doi:10.1017/CCOL052158244X]['17].
   (Also see Ockham@[www].)

%T Citation is not the only impact. A look at what we have published highlights
   the variety of editorial judgements in selecting and assessing papers
%J Nature
%V 551
%N 7678
%P 6
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K news, views, editorial, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, journals, science,
   good, scientific, research, university, academic, publishing, impact,
   rankings, rank, Hindex, citations, publish, perish
%X "What makes good science? And how do Nature's editors select papers to
   publish? The answers to both questions are many and varied. But they have one
   thing in common: neither is necessarily reflected in citations. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/551006a]['17].

%A A. Csiszar
%T The catalogue that made metrics, and changed science
%J Nature
%V 551
%N 7679
%P 163-165
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K news, views, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, academic, scientific, research,
   Babbage, Catalogue of Scientific Papers, Garfield, Science Citation Index,
   SCI, ISI, citations, c18xx, history, publish, papers, perish, count, quality,
   impact, Hindex, KPI, KPIs, bibliometrics, altMetrics
%X "In 1830, Charles Babbage had an unusual idea. Exasperated by how little
   recognition science was getting in England, the computer pioneer &
   scientific provocateur suggested that quantifying authorship might be a way
   to identify scientific eminence.  ...  Babbage's suggestion to count authors'
   papers was met with various criticisms. One author did the calculation for
   each fellow in the Royal Society in London, & showed that this was a
   terrible guide to scientific eminence. Another pointed out that 'a far more
   satisfactory criterion' would have been 'the value of those papers'. ...
   When the first volumes of the Catalogue of Scientific Papers appeared at the
   end of 1867 ... [c1930+/-] the phrase publish or perish began to circulate in
   academia. ... In the 1960s, Eugene Garfield launched a radically different
   search tool, known as the Science Citation Index. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/551163a]['17].
   (Also see SCI@[wikip]['20].)
   [Also search for: publish perish] and [also search for: citation index SCI].

%A J. Reardon
%T The Postgenomic Condition: Ethics, Justice, and Knowledge after the Genome
%I U. of ChicagoPress
%P 304
%M DEC
%D 2017
%K book, MolBio, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, science, scientific research,
   ethics, society, genomics, genes, genome, HGP, medicine, human, health,
   commerce, business, big pharma
%X 1st ed 2017; pb  $35, uk us isbn:022651045X, isbn13:978-0226510453.
                hb $105, uk us isbn:022634455X, uk us isbn13:978-0226344553.
   "... how the extensive efforts to transform genomics from high tech
   informatics practiced by a few to meaningful knowledge beneficial to all
   exposed the limits of long-cherished liberal modes of knowing and
   governing life. ..."
   The auth was on the
   abc[13/11/2017]['17].
   (And a review,
   [www][11/2017].)

%A F. Knolle
%A R. P. Goncalves
%A A. J. Morton
%T Sheep recognize familiar faces and unfamiliar human faces from
   two-dimensional images
%J Royal Society Open Science
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, face recognition, sheep, celebrity, face, faces,
   photographs, Huntington's disease, Ovis aries
%X "... trained eight sheep (Ovis aries) to recognize the faces of four
   celebrities ... After training, the sheep chose the 'learned-familiar' faces
   rather than the unfamiliar faces sig. above chance. We then tested whether
   the sheep could recognize the four celebrity faces if they were presented in
   different perspectives. This ... has previously been shown only in humans.
   Sheep successfully recognized the four celebrity faces from tilted images.
   Interestingly, there was a drop in performance with the tilted images (from
   79.22+/-7.5% to 66.5+/-4.1%) of a magnitude similar to that seen when humans
   perform this task. Finally, we asked whether sheep could recognize a very
   familiar handler from photographs. Sheep identified the h. in 71.8+/-2.3% of
   the trials without pretraining. Together these data show that sheep have
   advanced face-recognition abilities, comparable with those of humans and
   non-human primates."
   -- [doi:10.1098/rsos.171228]['17],
   auth3@[cam.ac]['17].
   (Also see, "Sheep can recognise images of Barack Obama and Emma Watson,
   Cambridge University study finds ..."
   -- abc[9/11/2017].)
   (It is serious research, but is it a chance for an igNobel?)

%A Z. Merali
%T The new thermodynamics: how quantum physics is bending the rules
%J Nature
%V 551
%N 7678
%P 20-22
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K news, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, physics, quantum, thermodynamics,
   Kosloff, Schaetz, Riera, Bera
%X "... There is reason to suspect that the laws of thermodynamics, which are
   based on how large numbers of particles behave, are different in the quantum
   realm. There is reason to suspect that the laws of thermodynamics, which are
   based on how large numbers of particles behave, are different in the q.realm.
   ... Thermodynamic quantities such as temperature and heat are statistical in
   nature and defined in reference to the average motion of large ensembles of
   particles. But back in the 1980s, Kosloff began pondering whether this
   picture would continue to make sense for much smaller systems. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/551020a]['17].

%A F. Galton
%T Section H. Anthropology. Opening Address by Francis Galton
%J Nature
%V 82
%P 507-510
%D 1885
%K views, c1885, c188x, c18xx, zz1117, regression, stats
%X Contains the first use of the term 'regression' according to David (1995).
   See pdf@[doi:10.1038/032502a0]['17],
       pdf@[n'ture]['17].

%A F. Galton
%T Kinship and correlation
%J North American Review
%V 150
%P 419-431
%D 1890
%K jrnl, c1890, c189x, c18xx, Gal90, Gal89, zz1117, Galton, kinship, heredity
%X Reprinted in Statist. Sci., Vol.4, No.2, 1989, pp.81-86,
   [doi:10.1214/ss/1177012581]['17],
   1177012581@[eucl'd]['17],
   2245330@[Jstor]['17].

%A E. Sava
%A C.Twardy
%A R. Koester
%A M.Sonwalkar
%T Evaluating lost person behavior models
%J Transactions in Geographic Information Systems
%P 38-53
%N 1
%V 20
%D 2016
%K jrnl, stats, c2016, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, missing people, persons,
   search, rescue, USA, watershed, wilderness, bush, MapScore, model
%X "US wilderness search and rescue consumes thousands of person-hours and
   millions of dollars annually. ... Planning begins with a probability map
   showing where the lost person is likely to be found. The MapScore project
   described here provides a way to evaluate probability maps using actual
   historical searches. In this work we generated probability maps the Euclidean
   distance tables in (Koester 2008), and using Doke's (2012) watershed model.
   Watershed boundaries follow high terrain and may better reflect actual
   barriers to travel. We also created a third model using the joint
   distribution using Euclidean and watershed features. On a metric where random
   maps score 0 and perfect maps score 1, the Euclidean distance model scored
   0.78 (95%CI: 0.74-0.82, on 376 cases). The simple watershed model by itself
   was clearly inferior at 0.61, but the Combined model was slightly better at
   0.81 (95%CI: 0.77-0.84)."
   -- [doi:10.1111/tgis.12143]['17].
   [Also search for: search rescue].

%A K.-B. Hou
%A N. Benton
%A R. Harper
%T Correctness of compiling polymorphism to dynamic typing
%J JFP
%V 27
%N ?
%P ?-?
%M DEC
%D 2016
%J jrnl, FP, JFP, c2016, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, type, types, lambda, calculus,
   typed, dynamic, polymorphic, Curry, Bracha, Scala, System F, SystemF, Moggi
%X "The connection between polymorphic & dynamic typing was originally
   considered by Curry et al. (1972, Combinatory Logic, vol. ii) in the form of
   'polymorphic type assignment' for untyped lambda-terms. ... in modern
   terminology, a dynamic language. Interest in type assignment was revitalized
   by the proposals of Bracha et al. (1998, OOPSLA) & Bank et al. (1997, POPL)
   to enrich Java with polymorphism (generics), which in turn sparked ...
   such as Scala, with similar combinations of features. In such a setting,
   where the target language already has a monomorphic type system, it is
   desirable to compile polymorphism to dynamic typing in such a way that as
   much static typing as possible is preserved, relying on dynamics only
   insofar as genericity is actually required. The basic approach is to compile
   polymorphism using embeddings from each type into a universal 'top' type, ID,
   & partial projections that go in the other direction. ... intuitively
   reasonable, &, indeed, has been used in practice many times. ... studies the
   compilation of System F to an extension of Moggi's computational
   meta-language with a dynamic type & shows how the compilation may be proved
   correct using a logical relation."  [online Dec 2017.]
   -- [doi:10.1017/S0956796816000265]['17].
   [Also search for: typed lambda calculus].

%A L. Harding
%T Collusion: How Russia Helped Trump Win the White House
%I GuardianBooks
%P 368
%M NOV
%D 2017
%K book, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz1117, America, American, election, USA, Russia,
   Moscow, Clinton, Donald Trump, zzTrump, Putin, Manafort, Flynn, Kushner,
   Papadopoulos, zzTrump, facebook, fake news, fakeNews, Wikileaks,
   Julian Assange, social media, internet, www, the Guardian
%X 1st ed 2017; pb us$10, uk us isbn:0525562516, uk us isbn13:978-0525562511.
   "... Between 2007 and 2011, [H] was the Guardian's Moscow bureau chief. The
   Kremlin expelled him from the country in the first case of its kind since
   the Cold War. ..."