Search engine run on: http://users.monash.edu.au/

Glookbib search for: zz0722

%A Boyuan Chen
%A et al
%T Full-body visual self-modeling of robot morphologies
%J arXiv
%M NOV
%D 2021
%K TR, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, Lipson, robot, AI, self modelling,
   awareness
%X "...  'self-models' allow robots to consider outcomes of multiple possible
   future actions, without trying them out in physical reality. Recent progress
   in fully data-driven self-modeling has enabled machines to learn their own
   forward kinematics directly from task-agnostic interaction data ... we
   propose that instead of directly modeling forward-kinematics, a more useful
   form of self-modeling is one that could answer space occupancy queries,
   conditioned on the robot's state. ..."
   -- 2111.06389@[arXiv]['22].
   (Also see last auth@[www]['22].)

%A A. Hundt
%A et al
%T Robots enact malignant stereotypes
%J 2022 ACM Conf. on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency
%I ACM
%P 743-756
%M JUN
%D 2022
%K conf, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, OpenAI, CLIP, NLP, robot, AI, bias,
   stereotype, bias, discrimination, fairness, safety, images
%X "Stereotypes, bias, & discrimination have been extensively documented in
   machine learning (ML) ... we evaluate how ML bias manifests in robots that
   physically & autonomously act within the world. We audit one of several
   recently published CLIP-powered robotic manipulation methods, presenting it
   with objects that have pictures of human faces ... experiments definitively
   show robots acting out toxic stereotypes with respect to gender, race, &
   sci.-discredited physiognomy, at scale. Furthermore, the audited methods
   are less likely to recognize women & people of color. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1145/3531146.3533138]['22].

%A V. Rotaru
%A et al
%T Event-level prediction of urban crime reveals a signature of
   enforcement bias in US cities
%J NatureHumanBehaviour
%M JUN
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, AI, crime, prediction, racial, bias,
   policing, police, law enforcement, state surveillance, USA
%X "... we show that, while predictive models may enhance state power through
   criminal surveillance, they also enable surveillance of the state by tracing
   systemic biases in crime enforcement. We introduce a stochastic inference
   alg. that forecasts crime by learning spatio-temporal dependencies from event
   reports, with a mean area under the [ROC] curve of ~90% in Chicago for crimes
   predicted per week within ~1,000ft. ... enable us to study perturbations of
   crime patterns that suggest that the response to increased crime is biased by
   neighbourhood socio-economic status, draining policy resources from
   socio-economically disadvantaged areas, as demo. in eight major US cities."
  -- [doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01372-0]['22].

%A C. de Pascali
%A et al ...
%A B. Mazzolai
%T 3D-printed biomimetic artificial muscles using soft actuators that contract
   and elongate
%J ScienceRobotics
%V 7
%N 68
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, dePascali, robot, robotic, robotics,
   GRACE, artificial, muscle, actuator, hand, hands, mimic, biomimetic
%X "... we present a class of pneumatic artificial muscles, named GeometRy-based
   Actuators that Contract & Elongate (GRACE). The GRACEs consist of a
   single-material pleated membrane & do not need any strain-limiting elts. They
   can contract & extend by design, as described by a math. model, & can be
   realized at different dimensional scales & with different materials &
   mechanical performances, enabling a wide range of lifelike movements. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abn4155]['22].

%A R. A. Finkel
%A J. L. Bentley
%T Quad trees a data structure for retrieval on composite keys
%J Acta Informatica
%V 4
%P 1-9
%M MAR
%D 1974
%K jrnl, c1974, c197x, c19xx, zz0722, quad tree, Qtree, quadTree, data, key,
   retrieval, insertion, deletion, search, nearest, closest, neighbour, vector,
   binning, algorithm
%X "The quad tree is a data struct. appropriate for storing info. to be
   retrieved on composite keys. We discuss the specific case of 2D retrieval,
   although the structure is easily generalised to arbitrary dimensions.
   Algs. are given both for staightforward insertion & for a type of balanced
   insertion into quad trees. Empirical analyses show that the avg. time for
   insertion is logarithmic with the tree size. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1007/BF00288933]['22].
   Also see QT@[wikip]['22].
   [Also search for: KDtree].

%A G. L. Miller
%A J. H. Reif
%T Parallel tree contraction
%J Adv. in Comp. Res.
%V 5
%P 47-72
%D 1989
%K jrnl, c1989, c198x, c19xx, zz0722, trees, problem, algorithm, expression,
   subexpression elimination, rake
%X "... introduces parallel tree contraction: a new bottom-up technique for
   constructing parallel algs. on trees. ... [solve] expression evaluation &
   subexp'n elimination. ... we show these applications only require time &
   processors on a randomized PRAM or processors on a deterministic PRAM. ..."
   -- pdf@[cmu]['22].
   (Also see TC@[wikip]['22].)

%A Takehiro Ito
%A et al
%T Reforming an envy-free matching
%J arXiv
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K TR, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, envy free matching, match
%X "... envy-free matching when each agent is assigned a single item. Given an
   envy-free m., we consider an op. to exchange the item of an agent with an
   unassigned item preferred by the agent that results in another envy-free m..
   We repeat this op. as long as we can. We prove that the resulting envy-free
   matching is uniquely determined up to the choice of an initial envy-free m.,
   & can be found in polynomial time. We call the resulting matching a reformist
   envy-free m., & then we study a shortest seq. to obtain the reformist
   envy-free m. from an initial envy-free m.. We prove that a shortest seq. is
   computationally hard to obtain even when each agent accepts at most four
   items & each item is accepted by at most three agents. On the other hand, we
   give polynomial-time algs. when each agent accepts at most three items or
   each item is accepted by at most two agents...."
   -- 2207.02641@[arXiv]['22].
   [Also search for: envy free matching].

%A D. Sumanaweera
%A L. Allison
%A A. S. Konagurthu
%T Bridging the Gaps in Statistical Models of Protein Alignment
%J Bioinformatics
%V 38
%N s.1
%P i229–i237
%M JUL
%D 2022
%O ISMB July 2022, Madison, USA
%K conf, ISMB, MolBio, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, LAllison, ArunK, Dinithi,
   sequence alignment, gap, indel, model, substitution, PAM, BLOSUM, MML, MDL
%X "... To overcome this gap, this article demonstrates how a complete stat.
   model quantifying the evolution of pairs of aligned proteins can be
   constructed using a time-parameterized substitution matrix &
   a time-parameterized alignment state machine. Methods to derive all
   parameters of such a model from any benchmark collection of aligned protein
   seqs. are described here. This has not only allowed us to generate a unified
   stat.model for each of the nine widely used subst.matrices (PAM, JTT, BLOSUM,
   JO, WAG, VTML, LG, MIQS & PFASUM), but also resulted in a new unified model,
   MMLSUM. Our underlying methodology measures the Shannon info. content using
   each model to explain losslessly any given collection of alignments, which
   has allowed us to quantify the performance of all the above models on six
   comprehensive alignment benchmarks. Our results show that MMLSUM results in a
   new & clear overall best performance ..."
   -- [doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btac246]['22],
    & 2010.00855@[arXiv]['20].

%A S. Rajapaksa
%A D. Sumanaweera
%A A. M. Lesk
%A L. Allison
%A P. Stuckey
%A M. Garcia de la Banda
%A P. Stuckey
%A D. Abramson
%A A. S. Konagurthu
%T On the Reliability and Limits of Protein Sequence Alignments
%J Bioinformatics
%V 38
%N s.1
%P i255–i263
%M JUL
%D 2022
%O ISMB July 2022, Madison, USA
%K conf, ISMB, MolBio, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, sequence alignment,
   protein, structure, sequence, proximity, twilight, midnight, zone,
   AMLesk, LAllison, ArunK, Sandun
%X "... Using techniques not prev. applied to these questions, by weighting
   every possible seq. alignment by its posterior prob. we derive a formal
   math. expectation, & develop an efficient alg. for computation of the
   distance between alternative alignments ... By analyzing the seqs. &
   structures of 1 million protein domain pairs, we report the variation of the
   expected distance between seq.-based & structure-based alignments, as a fn
   of (Markov time of) seq. divergence. Our results clearly demarcate the
   'daylight', 'twilight' & 'midnight' zones for interpreting residue-residue
   correspondences from seq. information alone."
   -- [doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btac247]['22].

%A L. Allison
%T Subclasses of Class Function used to Implement Transformations of
   Statistical Models
%J arXiv
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K TR, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, type, class, function, FP, subclass, MDL,
   model, MML, OOP, AI, inference, II, continuous, inverse, transform,
   transformed, LAllison
%X "A library of s/w for inductive inference guided by the Minimum Message
   Length (MML) principle was created previously. It contains various
   (object-oriented-) classes & subclasses of statistical Model & can be used to
   infer Models from given data sets in machine learning problems. Here
   transformations of statistical Models are considered & implemented within the
   library so as to have desirable properties from the object-oriented
   programming & mathematical points of view. The subclasses of class Function
   needed to do such transformations are defined."
   -- 2207.04218@[arXiv]['22].
      [doi:10.48550/arXiv.2207.04218]['22].

%A F. Close
%T Elusive: How Peter Higgs Solved the Mystery of Mass
%P BasicBooks
%P 304
%M JUN
%D 2022
%K Higgs, Peter, biog, biography, book, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, physics,
   mass, gravity, Higgs boson, field, KPI, KPIs, STEM, Nobel
%X 1st ed 2022; hb us$26; uk us isbn:1541620801; uk us isbn13:978-1541620803.
   "... the Higgs boson, the missing piece in understanding why particles have
   mass ... Why Peter Higgs? Drawing on years of conversations with Higgs &
   others, Close illuminates how an unprolific man became one of the world's
   most famous scientists. ..."
   (PH 2013 Nobel prize winner for physics, with Francois Englert.)
   Also see PH@[wikip]['22]
   and the [Grauniad][7/12/2013].

%A M. Baek
%A et al ...
%A D. Baker
%T Accurate prediction of protein structures and interactions using a 3-track
   network
%J Science
%M JUL
%D 2021
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, protein structure prediction,
   tertiary, 3D, complexes, Rosetta, Rose TTA fold, RoseTTAFold, ANN, NN,
   opensource, open source, CASP14
%X "... obtained the best performance with a 3-track n/wk in which info. at the
   1D seq. level, the 2D distance map level, & the 3D coordinate level is
   successively transformed & integrated. The 3-track n/wk produces structure
   predictions with accuracies approaching those of DeepMind in CASP14, enables
   the rapid soln of challenging X-ray crystallography & cryo-EM structure
   modeling problems, & provides insights into the fns of proteins of currently
   unknown structure. ... also enables rapid generation of accurate
   protein-protein complex models from seq. info. alone, short circuiting
   traditional approaches which require modeling of individual subunits followed
   by docking. We make the method available to the sci. community to speed
   biological research."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.abj8754]['22].
   Also see site@[uw.edu]['22],
    & RoseTTAFold@[g'thub]['22],
    & core eukaryotic protein complexes@[doi:10.1126/science.abm4805]['22].
   [Also search for: 3D protein structure prediction ANN].

%A G. D. Rose
%T Reframing the protein folding problem: Entropy as organizer
%J Biochemistry
%V 60
%N 49
%P 3753-3761
%M DEC
%D 2021
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, protein folding, fold, 3D,
   tertiary, 3D, structure, entropy, energy, hydrogen bond, bonds
%X "... this Perspective introduces a different mechanism, one that emphasizes
   conformational entropy as the principal organizer in protein folding ... If
   even a single backbone polar group is satisfied by solvent when unfolded but
   buried & unsatisfied when folded, that energy penalty alone, ~ +5 kcal/mol,
   would rival almost the entire free energy of protein stabilization, typically
   between -5 & -15 kcal/mol under physiological condns. Consequently, upon
   folding, buried backbone polar groups must form hydrogen bonds, & they do so
   by assembling scaffolds of alpha-helices &/or strands of beta-sheet ...
   conformational restrictions imposed by backbone-backbone hydrogen bonding in
   the scaffold are seq.-indep., enabling mutation - & thus evolution - without
   sacrificing the structure."
   -- [doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00687]['22].
   (Also see Pfolding@[wikip]['22].)

%A H. Hirai
%A Y. Iwamasa
%T Reconstructing phylogenetic trees from multipartite quartet systems
%J Algorithmica
%V 84
%P 1875-1896
%M FEB
%D 2022
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, phylogenetic tree, quartet,
   compatibility, induced, problem, algorithm
%X "... One of important problems in phylogenetic analysis is to assemble a
   global p.tree from small p.trees, particularly, quartet trees. Quartet
   Compatibility is the problem of deciding whether there is a p.tree inducing
   a given collection of quartet trees, & to construct such a p.tree if it
   exists. It is known that Quartet Compatibility is NP-hard & that there are
   only a few results known for polynomial-time solvable subclasses. ... we
   introduce two novel classes of quartet systems, called complete multipartite
   quartet system & full multipartite quartet system, & present polynomial-time
   algs. for Quartet Compatibility for these systems."
   - [doi:10.1007/s00453-022-00945-9]['22].

%A A. Kousathanas
%A et al
%T Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
%J Nature
%V 607
%P 97-103
%M MAR
%D 2022
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, covid 19, covid19, risk, risks,
   genes, GenOMICC, IL10RB, PLSCR1, BCL11A, FUT2, ATP11A, MUC1, SELE, ICAM5,
   CD209, severe illness
%X "... comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those
   of pop'n controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use
   whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with
   48,400 controls to discover & replicate 23 indep. variants that sig.
   predispose to critical COVID-19. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04576-6]['22].

%A S. Loomba
%A et al
%T Connectomic comparison of mouse and human cortex
%J Science
%V 377
%N 6602
%P ?-?
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, biology, animal, brain, cerebral cortex,
   human, mouse, connectome, connections, neuron, neurons, synapses,
   interneuron
%X "The h.cerebral cortex houses 1000 times more neurons than that of the
   cerebral cortex of a mouse, but the possible differences in synaptic circuits
   between these species are still poorly understood. ... 3D electron microscopy
   of mouse, macaque, & human ... The 2.5-fold increase in interneurons in h.
   compared with mice was compensated by a change in axonal connection
   probabilities & therefore did not yield a commensurate increase in
   inhibitory-v.-excitatory synaptic input balance on h. pyramidal cells. Rather
   increased inhibition created an expanded interneuron-to-interneuron n/wk,
   driven by an expansion of interneuron-targeting interneuron types & an
   increase in their synaptic selectivity for interneuron innervation. These
   constitute key neuronal n/wk alterations in the human cortex."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.abo0924]['22].
   (Also see connectome@[wikip].)
   [Also search for: MolBio connectome].

%A R. Van Noorden
%T Investigators found plagiarism and data falsification in work from
   prominent cancer lab
%J Nature
%V 607
%P 650-652
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K news, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, academic misconduct, plagiarism,
   falsification, university management, academia, science, Carlo Croce, OSU,
   Michela Garofalo, Flavia Pichiorri, cancer research, Ohio State University
%X "Ohio State University investigations identified misconduct by two
   scientists in lab of high-profile cancer researcher Carlo Croce. The uni.
   has cleared Croce of misconduct, but disciplined him over management
   problems. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/d41586-022-02002-5]['22].
   [Also search for: academic misconduct].

%A N. Fallach
%A et al
%T Pregnancy outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester: A large,
   population-based cohort study
%J PLoS One
%V ?
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, human health, risk, risks, covid 19,
   covid19, SARSCoV2, premature birth, preterm, PTB, miscarriage
%X "... While first & second trimester infections were not assoc. with PTB
   (p > 0.8), third trimester infections & in particular after 34 weeks of
   gestation had a greater risk of PTB with adjusted ORs of 2.76 (95% CI
   1.63-4.67) & 7.10 (95% CI 2.44-20.61), resp.. PTB risk was further heightened
   in symptomatic third trimester infections (OR = 4.28, 95% CI 1.94-9.25). SGA
   risk was comparable between study groups across all trimesters of infection.
   Pregnancy loss incidence was similar in both groups (adjusted OR = 1.16;
   95% CI 0.90-1.50)."
   -- [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270893]['22].

%A Ruidong Wu
%A et al
%T High-resolution de novo structure prediction from primary sequence
%J bioRxiv
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K TR, MolBio, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, protein structure prediction,
   tertiary, 3D, ANN, NN, omegafold, RoseTTAFold, RosettaFold
%X "... we introduce OmegaFold, the first computational method to successfully
   predict high-resolution protein structure from a single primary seq. alone.
   Using a new combination of a protein language model that allows us to make
   predictions from single seqs. & a geometry-inspired transformer model
   trained on protein structures, ..."
   -- [doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.21.500999]['22], ho hum?
   [Also search for: 3D protein structure prediction ANN].

%A D. Monroe
%T Building a practical quantum computer
%J CACM
%V 65
%N 7
%P 15-17
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K news, views, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, quantum computer, progress, survey
%X "... quantum computing has not made practical contributions. Moreover,
   there is still no winner among very different schemes to physically
   implement quantum bits, or qubits. ..."
    -- [doi:10.1145/3535191]['22].

%A D. S. Chawla
%T Swiss funder unveils new CV format to make grant evaluation fairer
%J Nature
%V 606
%P 1033-1034
%M JUN
%D 2022
%K news, views, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, hire, fire, KPI, KPIs, SciCV,
   jobs, academia, ARC, NSF, grant, grants, scientific research, management,
   funding, Switzerland, Europe
%X "Switzerland's main research funder is set to roll out a 'narrative' CV
   format for grant applications this year, as part of a move to showcase
   achievements beyond publication lists. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/d41586-022-01599-x]['22].
   [Also search for: grant funding].

%A E. Gibney
%T Open-source language AI challenges big tech's models
%J Nature
%V 606
%P 850-851
%M JUN
%D 2022
%K news, views, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, BLOOM, AI, natural language model,
   NN, ANN, BigScience, GPT 3, GPT3, ChatGPT, chatBot, OpenAI, openSource
%X "An international team of around 1,000 largely academic volunteers has tried
   to break big tech's stranglehold on natural-language processing & reduce its
   harms. ... the BLOOM language model will rival in scale those made by firms
   Google & OpenAI, but will be open-source. ... BLOOM has 176 billion params,
   on a par with GPT-3 ... researchers hand-picked nearly 2/3 of their
   341-billion-word data set from 500 sources. [inc.] Semantic Scholar ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/d41586-022-01705-z]['22].
   Also see BLOOM@[wikip]['23]
   &  B'gSc'ence@[www]['22]
   v. [OpenAI]['22] (NB. not opensource).
   [Also search for: natural language NN].  (Also see GPT4 3/2023.)

%A P. Surendiran
%A et al
%A T. Korten
%T Solving exact cover instances with molecular-motor-powered network-based
   biocomputation
%J Amer. Chem. Soc. Nanoscience
%M JUN
%D 2022
%K c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, bio computer, bioComputer, computing,
   network based biocomputation, NBC, exact cover problem
%X "... An alternative, highly energy efficient, parallel computing paradigm is
   network-based biocomputation (NBC). In NBC a given combinatorial problem is
   encoded into a nanofabricated, modular n/wk. Parallel exploration of the
   n/wk by a very large # of indep. molec.-motor-propelled protein filaments
   solves the encoded problem. Here we demo. a sig. scale-up of this technology
   by solving four instances of Exact Cover ... The difficulty of the largest
   instances solved here is 128 times greater in comparison to the current
   state of the art for NBC."
   -- [doi:10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00013]['22].
   (Last auth@[sch'l'r]['22].)
   [Also search for: biocomputer].

%A E. Shein
%T Using makeup to block surveillance
%J CACM
%V 65
%N 7
%P 21-23
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K cacm, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, Guetta, makeup, surveillance, CCTV,
   camera, disguise, dazzle camouflage, face, facial recognition
%X "Altering one's facial features with a special type of makeup
   can keep them from being recognized by artificial intelligence. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1145/3535192]['22].

%A P.-H. Kamp
%T Surveillance too cheap to meter
%J CACM
%V 65
%N 7
%P 42-44
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K cacm, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, Big Brother, bigBrother, privacy,
   state surveillance, mobile phone, internet, meta data, metadata, advertising,
   real time bidding, RTB, tracking, users, facebook, google
%X "Stopping Big Brother would require an expensive overhaul of the entire
    system. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1145/3511661]['22].

%T Agreement on Reforming Research Assessment
%Q ScienceEurope.org
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, Europe, EU, scientific, research management,
   reform, academia, university, KPI, KPIs, ranking, grant, grants, peer review,
   publish, perish, metrics, JIF, RoRI, DORA
%X "... The Agreement on Reforming Research Assessment sets a shared direction
   for changes in assessment practices for research, researchers & research
   performing organisations, with the overarching goal to maximise the quality
   & impact of research. ... 'Publish or perish' & metrics have led us into a
   blind alley. ..."
   -- [scienceeurope]['22].
   Also see N'ture@[doi:10.1038/d41586-022-02037-8]['22].
   [Also search for: publish perish]  and  [also search for: peer review].

%A M. Onen
%A et al
%T Nanosecond protonic programmable resistors for analog deep learning
%J Science
%V 377
%N 6605
%P 539-543
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, analog, analogue, nonStandard, computing,
   non standard, ANN, NN, artificial neuron, proton, synapse
%X "... Nanoscale ionic programmable resistors for analog deep learning are
   1000 times smaller than biological cells ... we generated silicon-compatible
   nanoscale protonic programmable resistors ... This operation regime enabled
   controlled shuttling & intercalation of protons in nanoseconds at room temp.
   in an energy-efficient manner. ... showed symmetric, linear & reversible
   modulation characteristics with many conductance states covering a 20 x
   dynamic range. Thus, the space-time-energy performance of the all-solid-state
   artificial synapses can greatly exceed that of their biol. counterparts."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.abp8064]['22].
   [Also search for: analogue computing].

%A B. A. Burton
%T The next 350 million knots
%J 36th Int. Symp. on Comp. Geometry (SoCG)
%M JUN
%D 2020
%K conf, c2020, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, maths, geometry, prime knot, knots,
   enumeration, counting, combinatorial
%X "The tabulation of all prime knots up to a given number of crossings ...
   extend the tables from 16 to 19 crossings, with a total of 352,152,252
   distinct non-trivial prime knots. we describe the many different algorithmic
   components in this process, which draw on graph theory, hyperbolic geometry,
   knot polynomials, normal surface theory, and computational algebra. ..."
   -- pdf@[dagstuhl]['22].
   (Also see BB@[UQ]['22].)

%A D. Aspero
%A R. Schindler
%T Martin's Maximum++ implies Woodin's axiom (*)
%J Ann. of Math. (2)
%V 193
%N 2
%P 793-835
%M MAY
%D 2021
%K jrnl, maths, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, continuum hypothesis, CH, infinity,
   infinities, aleph, aleph2, power set, sets, theory, ZF, axiom of choice, AC,
   ZFC, forcing axioms, Aspero, UEA
%X "We show that Martin's Maximum++ implies Woodin's Pmax axiom (*). This
   answers a q. from the 1990s & amalgamates two prominent axioms of set theory
   which were both known to imply that there are aleph_2 many real numbers."
   -- [doi:10.4007/annals.2021.193.3.3]['22],
   pp@[pr'nceton]['22].
   (Also see [q'mag][15/7/2021]
   and CH@[wikip]['22].)

%A P. Indyk
%A T. Wagner
%T Optimal (Euclidean) metric compression
%J SIAM J. Comput.
%V 51
%N 3
%P ?-?
%M JUN
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, Euclidean, distance, pairwise, distances,
   compress, lossy compression, dimension reduction, quantization
%X "... problem of representing all distances between n pts in R^d, with arb.
   small distortion, using as few bits as possible. We give asymptotically tight
   bounds for this problem, for Euclidean metrics, for L_1 (... Manhattan)...,
   & for general metrics. Our bounds for E.metrics mark the 1st improvement over
   compression schemes based on discretizing the classical dimensionality red'n
   theorem of Johnson & Lindenstrauss [Contemp.Math. 26 (1984), pp.189-206].
   Since it is known that no better dim'n red'n is possible, our results
   establish that Euc.metric compr'n is possible beyond dim.red.."
   -- [doi:10.1137/20M1371324]['22].

%A S. K. Bera
%A L. Gishboliner
%T Counting subgraphs in degenerate graphs
%J JACM
%V 69
%N 3
%M JUN
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, count, counting, subgraph, algorithm,
   instance, maths, graph, bounded degeneracy, degenerate,
   Bera, Pashanasangi, Seshadhri
%X "... problem of counting the # of copies of a fixed graph H within an input
   graph G. ... focus on solving this problem when the input G has bounded
   degeneracy. This is a rich family of graphs, containing all g. without a
   fixed minor (e.g., planar g.), [&] graphs generated by various random
   processes ... say that H is easy if there is a linear-time alg. for counting
   the # of copies of H in an input G of bnd deg.. ... Bressan has recently
   introduced a framework for counting subgraphs in deg.g., from which one can
   extract a suff. cond'n for a graph H to be easy. Here, we show that this
   suff. cond'n is also necessary, thus fully answering the Bera-Pashanasangi-
   Seshadhri problem. [&] resolve two closely related problems; namely
   characterizing the graphs that are easy with respect to counting induced
   copies, & wrt counting homomorphisms."
   -- [doi:10.1145/3520240]['22].
   [Also search for: count subgraph].

%A P. Ball
%T The Book of Minds: How to Understand Ourselves and Other Beings, from
   Animals to AI to Aliens
%I UniChicagoPress
%M JUN
%D 2022
%K book, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, mind, brain, animal, alien, consciousness
%X 1st ed 2022; hb us$19; uk us isbn:022679587X; uk us isbn13:978-0226795874.
   "... explore what sorts of minds we might expect to find in the universe. In
   so doing, he offers for the first time a unified way of thinking about what
   minds are and what they can do ..."
   [Also search for: mind book].

%A R. Koster
%A et al
%T Human-centred mechanism design with democratic AI
%J NutureHumanBehaviour
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, AI, economic game, distribute, money,
   fairness, fair, social, society, behaviour, poliocy
%X "... A large group of humans played an online investment game that involved
   deciding whether to keep a monetary endowment or to share it with others for
   collective benefit. Shared revenue was returned to players under two
   different redistribution mechanisms, one designed by the AI & the other by
   humans. The AI discovered a mechanism that redressed initial wealth
   imbalance, sanctioned free riders & successfully won the majority vote. By
   optimizing for human preferences, Democratic AI offers a proof of concept for
   value-aligned policy innovation."
   -- [doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01383-x]['22].

%A S. S. Afshar
%A E. Flores
%A K. F. McDonald
%A E. Knoesel
%T Paradox in Wave-Particle Duality
%J Foundations of Physics
%V 37
%P 295-305
%M JAN
%D 2007
%K jrnl, physics, c2007, c200x, c20xx, zz0722, quantum theory, wave, particle,
   double slit experiment, pin holes, Bohr's Principle of Complementarity,
   controversial
%X "We report on the simultaneous determination of complementary wave & particle
   aspects of light in a double-slit type 'welcher-weg' experiment beyond the
   limitations set by Bohr's Principle of Complementarity. Applying classical
   logic, we verify the presence of sharp interference in the single photon
   regime, while reliably maintaining the info. about the particular pinhole
   through which each individual photon had passed. ... poses interesting
   questions on the validity of Complementarity in cases where measurements
   techniques that avoid Heisenberg's uncertainty principle & q.entanglement are
   employed. We further argue that the application of classical concepts of
   waves & particles as embodied in Complementarity leads to a logical
   inconsistency in the interpretation of this experiment."
   -- [doi:10.1007/s10701-006-9102-8]['22],
      quant-ph/0702188@[arXiv]['22].
   Also see A_Experiment@[wikip]['22].

%A G. Schilling
%T The Elephant in the Universe: Our Hundred-Year Search for Dark Matter
%I HarvardUP
%P 376
%M MAY
%D 2022
%K book, physics, cosmology, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, universe, dark matter
%X 1st ed 2022; hb us$26; uk us isbn:0674248996; uk us isbn 13:978-0674248991.
   "... explores the fascinating history of the search for dark matter. Evidence
   for its existence comes from a wealth of astronomical observations. ...
   Yet so far dark matter has escaped every experiment. ..."

%A S. Hossenfelder
%T Existential Physics: A Scientist's Guide to Life's Biggest Questions
%I Viking
%P 272
%M AUG
%D 2022
%K book, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, physics, quantum theory, mechaniscs,
   philosophy, weird, nonlocal, locality, realism, Sabine Hossenfelder
%X 1st ed 2022; hb us$28; uk us isbn:1984879456. uk us isbn13:978-1984879455.
   "... H. takes on the biggest Qs in physics: Does the past still exist? Do
   particles think? Was the universe made for us? Has physics ruled out free
   will? Will we ever have a theory of everything? ..."
   (Also see auth@[www]['22].)
   [Also search for: Sabine Hossenfelder].
   (A video by SH on QM [ubend]['23].)

%A D. P. Nadlinget
%A et al
%T Experimental quantum key distribution certified by Bell's theorem
%J Nature
%V 607
%P 682-686
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, quantum, communication, secure, key,
   encryption, Bennett-Brassard, Ekert, entanglement, DIQKD
%X "Cryptographic key exchange protocols traditionally rely on comp.conjectures
   such as the hardness of prime factorization to provide security against
   eavesdropping attacks. Remarkably, q.key dist'n protocols such as the
   Bennett-Brassard scheme provide info.-theoretic security against such attacks
   a much stronger form of security ... However, q.protocols realized so far are
   subject to a new class of attacks exploiting a mismatch between the q.states
   or measurements implemented & their theoretical modelling, as demonstrated in
   numerous experiments ... we present the experimental realization of a
   complete q.key distribution protocol immune to these vulnerabilities,
   following Ekert's pioneering proposal to use entanglement to bound an
   adversary's info. from Bell's theorem. ...  we obtain 95,628 key bits with
   device-indep. security from 1.5 million Bell pairs created during eight hours
   of run time. We take steps to ensure that info. on the measurement results is
   inaccessible to an eavesdropper. These measurements are performed without
   space-like separation. ... shows that provably secure cryptography under
   general assumptions is possible with real-world devices, & paves the way for
   further q.info. applications based on the device-independence principle."
   -- [doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04941-5]['22]. (Also see in same issue.)
   [Also search for: quantum communication].

%A Wei Zhange
%A et al
%T A device-independent quantum key distribution system for distant users
%V 607
%P 687-691
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, quantum, communication, secure, key,
   encryption, entanglement
%X "Device-indep. q.key distribution (DIQKD) enables the generation of secret
   keys over an untrusted channel using uncharacterized & potentially untrusted
   devices ... can be certified by a statistical test using a Bell inequality
   ... we present an experimental system that enables for DIQKD between two
   distant users. The experiment is based on the generation & analysis of
   event-ready entanglement between two indep'ly trapped single rubidium atoms
   located in buildings 400 metre apart ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04891-y]['22]. (Also see in same issue.)
   [Also search for: quantum communication].

%A Z. Liptak
%A F. Masillo
%A S. J. Puglisi
%T Suffix sorting via matching statistics
%J arXiv
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K TR, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, generalised suffix array, similar strings,
   string, sacamats, heuristic
%X "We introduce a new algorithm for constructing the generalized suffix array
   of a collection of highly similar strings. ..."
   -- [doi:10.48550/arXiv.2207.00972]['22] (arXiv).

%A P. Gawrychowski
%A F. Manea
%A S. Siemer
%T Matching patterns with variables under edit distance
%J arXiv
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K TR, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, stringology, pattern match, variable,
   edit distance
%X "... say that 'a' matches a word w, consisting only of terminal letters, if
   w can be obtained by replacing the variables of 'a' by terminal words. ...
   NP-complete in general, but can be solved efficiently for classes of patterns
   with restricted structure. ... interested in what is the minimum Hamming
   distance between w & any word u obtained by replacing the variables of 'a' by
   terminal words ... Moreover, under Hamming distance, if a variable occurs
   more than once & its occurrences can be interleaved arbitrarily with those of
   other vars., even if each of these occurs just once, the matching problem is
   intractable. In this paper, we consider the problem of matching patterns with
   vars. under edit distance. We still obtain efficient algs. & matching
   conditional lower bounds for the class of regular patterns, but show that the
   problem becomes, in this case, intractable already for unary patterns,
   consisting of repeated occurrences of a single var. interleaved with
   terminals."
   -- 2207.07477@[arXiv]['22].

%A N. Johannes
%A M. Vuorre
%A A. K. Przybylski
%T Video game play is positively correlated with well-being
%J PsyArXiv
%D 2021
%O Royal Soc. Open Sci., [doi:10.1098/rsos.202049]['22], Feb. 2021.
%K TR, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, psychology, mental health, video games,
   gaming, www, web, Nintendo, UniOxford
%X "... surveyed players of Plants vs. Zombies: Battle for Neighborville &
   Animal Crossing: New Horizons for their well - being , motivations, & need
   satisfaction during play & merged their responses with telemetry data (i.e.,
   logged game play). Contrary to many fears that excessive play time will lead
   to addiction & poor mental health, we found a small +ve reln between game
   play & affective well-being. Need satisfaction & motivations during play did
   not interact with play time but were instead indep.rel. to well-being. ..."
   -- [psyarxiv]['22].
   [Also search for: video game gaming].

%A M. Eisenstein
%T Need web data? Here's how to harvest them
%J Nature
%V 607
%P 200-201
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K news, views, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, internet, web, page, pages, www,
   Webscraping, scraping, data, HTML, XML, Selenium, Mozenda, ScrapeSimple,
   rvest, rSelenium, covidScraper
%X "Webscraping is a useful tool for gathering data from public websites, but
   researchers must develop some fundamental software skills to use it. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/d41586-022-01830-9]['22].

%A M. Vuorre†
%A N. Johannes†
%A K. Magnusson
%A A. K. Przybylski
%T Time spent playing video games is unlikely to impact well-being
%J Royal Soc. Open Sci.
%M JUL
%D 2022
%K jrnl, eJrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0722, www, internet, video game, gaming,
   play well being, mental health
%X "... We addressed this disconnect by linking six weeks of 38,935 players'
   objective game-behaviour data, provided by seven global game publishers, with
   three waves of their self-reported well-being that we collected. We found
   little to no evidence for a causal connection between game play & well-being.
   However, results suggested that motivations play a role in players'
   well-being. For good or ill, the avg effects of time spent playing video
   games on players' well-being are probably v.small, & further industry data
   are required to determine potential risks & supportive factors to health."
   -- [doi:10.1098/rsos.220411]['22].
   [Also search for: video game gaming].
   (Also see the [bbc][27/7/2022].)